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The Astrophysical Journal
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
License: IOP Copyright Policies
Data sources: Crossref
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UCrea
Article . 2018
License: CC BY
Data sources: UCrea
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2018
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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A Likely Supermassive Black Hole Revealed by Its Einstein Radius in Hubble Frontier Fields Images

Authors: Mandy C. Chen; Tom Broadhurst; Jeremy Lim; Jose M. Diego; Youichi Ohyama; Holland Ford; Narciso Benítez;

A Likely Supermassive Black Hole Revealed by Its Einstein Radius in Hubble Frontier Fields Images

Abstract

Abstract At cosmological distances, gravitational lensing can in principle provide direct mass measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we directly estimate the mass of a SMBH in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.54 using one of the multiply lensed images of a background spiral galaxy at z = 1.49 projected close to the BCG. A lensed arc is curved toward the BCG center, corresponding to an intrinsically compact region in one of the spiral arms. This arc has a radius of curvature of only ∼0.″6, betraying the presence of a local compact deflector. Its curvature is most simply reproduced by a point-like object with a mass of , similar to SMBH masses in local elliptical galaxies having comparable luminosities. The SMBH is noticeably offset by 4.4 ± 0.3 kpc from the BCG light center, which is plausibly the result of a kick imparted ∼2.0 × 107 years ago during the merger of two SMBHs, placing it just beyond the stellar core. A similar curvature can be produced by replacing the offset SMBH with a compact galaxy having a mass of ∼2 × 1010 M ⊙ within a cutoff radius of <4 kpc, and an unusually large to make it undetectable in the deep Hubble Frontiers Fields image, at or close to the cluster redshift. However, such a lensing galaxy perturbs the adjacent lensed images in an undesirable way.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Gravitational lensing: strong, Galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223), Galaxies: evolution, FOS: Physical sciences, elliptical and lenticular, cD [Galaxies], evolution [Galaxies], strong [Gravitational lensing], Lenticular, cd, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD, nuclei [Galaxies], Galaxies: elliptical, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223) [Galaxies], Galaxies: nuclei

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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