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handle: 10261/202693
[ES] Los sistemas intensivos de alimentación de rumiantes tienen una gran dependencia de la torta de soja como fuente de proteína, lo que hace necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas. Una de ellas es el empleo de insectos, pero, hasta la fecha, existen muy pocos trabajos científicos al respecto. Por otro lado, y dado que se desconoce aún cuán elevada puede ser la degradación ruminal de las harinas de insectos, nos planteamos el uso de taninos para poder limitarla y mejorar así su utilización digestiva. Por lo tanto, este estudio se realizó con dos objetivos: 1) realizar una valoración proteica de varias harinas de insectos mediante diversas técnicas (in vitro e in situ) y 2) estudiar si el uso de taninos podría reducir la degradación ruminal de la proteína de estas harinas sin afectar a su digestibilidad intestinal. Para cumplirlos, realizamos 2 ensayos con 4 harinas de insectos: Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, Alphitobius diaperinus y Acheta domesticus. Además, utilizamos torta de soja como alimento de referencia. Los resultados confirmaron el potencial de los insectos como ingredientes alternativos a las fuentes tradicionales de proteína. Independientemente del método de empleado, todos los insectos mostraron valores de degradación más bajos que la torta de soja. Además, el tratamiento con extractos de taninos de roble o quebracho redujo la degradación ruminal in situ en todos los casos. La digestibilidad intestinal de la proteína in vitro fue alta en todos los insectos, siendo los valores siempre mayores en el tratamiento con taninos de roble que de quebracho.
[EN] Intensive ruminant feeding systems are highly dependent on soybean meal as the source of protein, which encourages to search for alternatives. The use of insects has been suggested as one of these alternatives, but to date there are very few scientific reports characterizing this type of feeds. Furthermore, and given that the extent of ruminal degradation of insect meals is still unknown, we considered the use of tannins to try to limit it, thus improving its digestive utilization. This study was therefore performed with two objectives: 1) to conduct a protein evaluation of several insect meals using different techniques (in vitro and in situ) and 2) to study if the use of tannins could reduce the ruminal degradation of insect meal protein without affecting its intestinal digestibility. On this basis, 2 trials were performed using 4 insect meals: Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, Alphitobius diaperinus and Acheta domesticus. In addition, soybean meal was used as a reference feed. Results confirmed the potential of insect meals as alternative ingredients to traditional sources of protein. Regardless of the protein evaluation method, all insect meals showed lower degradations than soybean meal. Furthermore, both oak and quebracho tannin extracts reduced the in situ ruminal degradation in all cases. The intestinal digestibility of the protein was high for all insects, being higher after the treatment with oak tannins than with quebracho tannins.
31 páginas, 5 tablas, 2 figuras.- Este trabajo ha recibido el VI Premio Fundación CESFAC otorgado por la Real Academia de Ciencias Veterinarias de España.
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