The objective of studying African memories in Iberian Peninsula is formulated based on Anthropology and History, in the theoretical framework of Postcolonial and Decolonial Studies and gender perspective, and in accordance with the plural realities of African memories in any social and cultural context. The main primary sources are: 1) Interviews (semi-structured and structured); 2) Participant observation; 3) Documental analysis. The ethnographic method is the most fruitful tool of theoretical reflection of Anthropology, and Ethnography still centralizes reflection on Anthropological discourses and practices. Fieldwork is the period of experimentation through which anthropologists travel to the place of research to collect the data that will allow them to raise and test their working hypotheses. Fieldwork is constituted as a biographical experience of the ethnographer, characterized as an >exile>, a >rite of passage>, >an initiatory process>, as it breaks with its culture to learn from another. This process is necessary given that the ethnographer must to understand the culture of those >others> with whom she/he has lived, and be able to transform the >exotic> into >familiar>. The process is reversed, when the ethnographer enters his own culture and turns the >familiar> into >exotic>. This last process is perceived in researchers of African origin working on African continent, offering a good example of Decolonial perspective.