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Doctoral thesis
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Doctoral thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC SA
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Doctoral thesis . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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Efectos de la deleción condicional del Rcan1 en el remodelado patológico de la pared vascular

Effects of conditional deficiency of Rcan1 in pathological vascular wall remodeling
Authors: Villahoz Lázaro, Silvia;

Efectos de la deleción condicional del Rcan1 en el remodelado patológico de la pared vascular

Abstract

El remodelado de la pared vascular es un común denominador en las enfermedades vasculares, incluyendo manifestaciones agudas como el hematoma intramural (HIM) y la disección aórtica (DA), o crónicas como los aneurismas o la formación de neoíntima. La Angiotensina II (Ang-II) es un conocido estímulo remodelador de la pared vascular que afecta ampliamente a la homeostasis del vaso actuando sobre diversos tipos celulares. En estudios anteriores se identificó a Rcan1, gen regulado por la ruta calcineurina-NFAT, como mediador del daño vascular inducido por Ang-II. Rcan1 presenta dos isoformas, Rcan1-1 y Rcan1-4, cuyas funciones en el contexto vascular no habían sido estudiadas por separado hasta el momento. En este trabajo hemos generado por primera vez ratones modificados genéticamente para estudiar el papel de cada isoforma de Rcan1 en el contexto del remodelado vascular patológico en células de músculo liso vascular (CMLVs), en células endoteliales (CEs) o de forma ubicua. La eliminación de Rcan1 en ratones adultos predispuso a la inducción de HIM aórticos por Ang‑II, que en aproximadamente el 30% de los casos evolucionaron a DA letal en los primeros 7 días de tratamiento. A tiempos más largos, estos HIM o desaparecieron o evolucionaron hacia aneurismas de la aorta abdominal (AAA). Diversos abordajes experimentales mostraron que la formación de HIM y DA estaba mediada por el aumento de presión arterial (PA). Estudios a tiempos tempranos de la inducción de la patología revelaron un aumento de la permeabilidad vascular en ausencia de Rcan1, y sugirieron un posible origen perivascular de la hemorragia. Las aortas con deleción de Rcan1 de forma inducible presentaban cambios ultraestructurales con aumento de espacios intercelulares. A nivel molecular, la deleción inducida de Rcan1 causó una activación de la ruta de Gsk-3 β, quien a su vez activó la fosforilación de la cadena ligera de la miosina (p-MLC) tanto in vivo como en CMLVs cultivadas. Por último, se identificó la activación de MLC como mediador del daño vascular en este modelo. Paradójicamente, los animales deficientes en Rcan1 de forma constitutiva se comportaron de forma similar a los de genotipo silvestre en este modelo. Asimismo, estudiamos el papel de Rcan1 en un modelo de formación de neoíntima. La ausencia de Rcan1 tanto inducida como constitutiva protegió del desarrollo de esta patología. En los dos modelos patológicos estudiados, las isoformas Rcan1‑1 y Rcan1-4 presentaron funciones análogas y su deleción dio lugar a fenotipos similares. En resumen, todos estos resultados aportan una nueva visión sobre la función de Rcan1 y sus isoformas en el remodelado de la pared vascular.

The vascular wall remodeling is a common factor in cardiovascular diseases, including acute manifestations, such as intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortic dissection (AD), and chronic pathologies, such us aneurysm and neointima formation. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is a well-known mediator of vascular damage that affects different cell types and modifies the homeostasis of the vascular wall. Previous studies have identified Rcan1, transcriptionally regulated by the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, as a mediator of Ang-II-dependent vascular remodeling. Rcan1 is expressed as two isoforms, Rcan1-1 and Rcan1-4, whose specific function in the vascular context has not been defined. In this thesis, we report the generation of genetically modified mice to conditionally delete each Rcan1 isoform. We used these mice to investigate the contribution of Rcan1 in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells or ubiquitously, to the pathological vascular wall remodeling. Surprisingly, the induced deletion of Rcan1 in either vascular cell-type elicited a hypercontractile phenotype and aortic medial layer disorganization, predisposing to hypertension-mediated AD, IMH, and aneurysm. Incipient IMH at 6h of Ang-II treatment showed an increased vascular permeability when Rcan1 was absent in an inducible way. Moreover, the increase in permeability was localized in the “external” layers of the aortic tunica media, suggesting a perivascular origin of the hemorrhage. Ultrastructural changes were detected in aortas from Rcan1 conditionally deficient mice in the absence of hypertensive conditions, where an increase in intercellular spaces were noticed. A proteomics analysis revealed that Rcan1 interacts with Gsk-3 β, whose inhibition decreased myosin activation. Induction of the phosphorylation state of the myosin light chain (p-MLC), which was detected in Rcan1 conditionally deficient aortas, was eventually identified as an important mediator of the vascular damage in this model. Strikingly, constitutively Rcan1 deficient animals behaved similarly to wild-type mice in this model. Additionally, the role of Rcan1 was studied in a model of neointima formation. Inducible and constitutive Rcan1 deficiency, conferred protection against neointimal growth. In the two pathological models presented in this work, Rcan1-1 and Rcan1-4 isoforms had similar functions and their absence presented analogous phenotypes. In summary, our results contribute to further elucidate the function of Rcan1 and its isoforms in pathological vascular wall remodeling.

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 19-10-2018

Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 19-04-2020

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares

Country
Spain
Keywords

remodelado vascular, Endotelio vascular - Tesis doctorales, hipertensión, Rcan1, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, aneurisma

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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