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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2017
Data sources: Biblos-e Archivo
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Estudio de los telómeros en Dictyostelium discoideum. Desarrollo de un modelo celular de disqueratosis congénita

Authors: Rodríguez Centeno, Javier;

Estudio de los telómeros en Dictyostelium discoideum. Desarrollo de un modelo celular de disqueratosis congénita

Abstract

[ES] Los telómeros son estructuras formadas por ADN y proteínas que protegen los extremos de los cromosomas. Son estructuras esenciales para el mantenimiento de la integridad genómica. Debido a que la maquinaria de replicación no puede copiar completamente los extremos del ADN, los telómeros son extendidos por mecanismos complementarios incluyendo la actividad del complejo telomerasa y el mecanismo ALT (del inglés, Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres). En Dictyostelium discoideum los extremos de los cromosomas no se han podido secuenciar completamente pero se sabe que presentan copias parciales del elemento extracromosomal de ADN ribosomal (ADNr). Este elemento presenta heterogeneidad en su extremos debido a la presencia de una región con la fórmula nucleotídica (CnT)m. En esta tesis hemos completado y ordenado la secuencia presente en este elemento demostrando la existencia de una hebra G y una hebra C y la presencia de un saliente monocatenario 3´, elementos comunes en los telómeros de eucariotas. Nuestra investigación muestra que D. discoideum no presenta un complejo telomerasa funcional por lo que el mantenimiento de los telómeros puede darse por fenómenos de recombinación homóloga entre los extremos de los cromosomas y los de los elementos extracromosomales de ADNr. En apoyo de esta hipótesis, hemos observado que una serie de proteínas implicadas en recombinación que forman corpúsculos nucleares similares a los APBs (del inglés, ALT-associated Promyelocitic Leukaemia (PML) Bodies) presentes en células de mamífero que utilizan el mecanismo ALT también están localizadas en corpúsculos nucleares en D. Discoideum. Estos cuerpos parecen estar asociados con los nucléolos. Posteriormente hemos desarrollasdo un modelo para el estudio de una enfermedad relacionada con el mantenimiento de los telómeros, la disqueratosis congénita. Hemos sobreexpresado en D. discoideum cuatro mutaciones patogénicas del gen que codifica disquerina. También hemos generado cepas de este organismo en los que el gen endógeno dkc1 porta dos de estas mutaciones. Ninguna de las dos funciones principales asociadas a disquerina: el mantenimiento de los telómeros y la pseudouridilación del ARN, parecen afectadas por estas mutaciones. En cambio, la sobreexpresión de la proteína no mutada y de los mutantes producen menor proliferación celular y un aumento de la respuesta al daño del ADN, tanto en situación basal como en presencia del agente citotóxico bleomicina. Dos mutaciones del gen endógeno también producen aumento de la respuesta al daño del ADN en presencia de bleomicina sugiriendo una implicación directa de las mutaciones en disquerina con este proceso biológico.

[EN] Telomeres are structures composed by DNA and proteins that protect chromosome ends. They are essential to maintain genomic stability. DNA ends cannot be completely replicated by DNA polymerases and, therefore, telomeres have to be extended by complementary mechanism, including telomerase activity as well as the ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres) mechanism. The chromosome ends of Dictyostelium discoideum have not been completely sequenced but are known to contain partial copies of a extra-chromosomal element that contains rDNA genes. This element is heterogeneous at its ends due to the presence of a region with variable number of copies of the (CnT)m sequence. In this Thesis we have completed and arranged this sequence showing the presence of G-rich and C-rich strands and a 3’- overhanging single strand region. These elements are common in most eukaryotic telomeres. The data reported in this Thesis show that D. discoideum does not present a functional telomerase complex and that telomere elongation could depend on homologous recombination between chromosome ends and the end of extrachromosomal rDNA elements. In support for this hypothesis, we have shown that proteins involved in DNA recombination, components of APB (ALT-associated Promyelocitic Leukemia (PML) Bodies) in mammalian cells that extend telomeres through the ALT mechanism, are also located in nuclear bodies in D. discoideum. These bodies seem to be associated with the nucleolus. We have next developed a model for the study of the dyskeratosis congenita human disease in D. discoideum. Four pathogenic mutants of the dyskerin (DKC1) gene found in dyskeratosis patients were over-expressed in D. discoideum. In addition, mutant strains where two of these mutations were introduced in the endogenous gene were generated. Neither of the two main functions of dyskerin, telomere maintenance and RNA pseudouridylation, where affected by these mutations. Over-expression of the D. discoideum protein, either wild-type or mutated, resulted in decreased cell proliferation and increased response to DNA damage, both in basal conditions and upon treatment with the cytotoxic drug bleomycin. Two of the mutations introduced in the endogenous gene also produced increased DNA-damage response in the presence of bleomycin that makes us suggest a direct implication of dyskerin mutation in this biological process.

Memoria presentada por Javier Rodríguez Centeno, Licenciado en Biología, para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Telómeros - Tesis doctorales, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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