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Modelización de deformaciones volcánicas: efecto de la topografía y heterogeneidades mecánicas del medio. Aplicación a la erupción de El Hierro (2011-2012)

Authors: Valverde, Ángel; Charco, María; Negredo, Ana M.; Villaseñor, Antonio; Fullea, J.; Benito-Saz, Maria; González, Pablo J.;

Modelización de deformaciones volcánicas: efecto de la topografía y heterogeneidades mecánicas del medio. Aplicación a la erupción de El Hierro (2011-2012)

Abstract

[ES] Durante el mes de julio del año 2011 se produjo en la isla de El Hierro (Islas Canarias, España) un incremento de la sismicidad con respecto a los niveles habituales observados en la zona. Este incremento estuvo acompañado de deformaciones del terreno que se registraron mediante estaciones GNSS y medidas de interferometría radar de satélite. Todo este proceso de reactivación culminó el 12 de octubre de 2011 con una erupción submarina fisural (NO-SE) localizada dos km al sudoeste de la población más meridional de la isla, La Restinga, cuya duración se extendió hasta marzo de 2012. La fase co-eruptiva estuvo marcada por una pausa en los registros de deformación indicando la existencia de procesos de inflación/deflación del terreno de segundo orden. Algunos trabajos anteriores han estimado los parámetros de las fuentes de deformación observada durante la fase preeruptiva considerando modelos analíticos en los que el medio circundante se aproxima mediante un semiespacio elástico, homogéneo e isótropo. En este trabajo consideramos el efecto de tales suposiciones en la interpretación de datos geodésicos teniendo en cuenta la topografía de la isla y las heterogeneidades mecánicas del medio mediante una técnica de aproximación numérica como el Método de Elementos Finitos (FEM). Los resultados numéricos muestran el error que puede tener la estimación de los parámetros de fuente al utilizar modelos simples de deformación. De esta forma, se enfatiza la importancia de tener en cuenta técnicas numéricas avanzadas a la hora de interpretar cuantitativamente deformaciones del terreno.

[EN] In July 2011, an increase in seismicity above normal background levels was observed at the El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain). Elevated seismicity rate was accompanied by surface deformation detected by GNSS stations and satellite radar interferometry. On 12 October 2011 the unrest led to the beginning of a submarine NW-SE fissural eruption located at about 2 km SW from La Restinga, the southernmost village of El Hierro Island. The eruption lasted until March 2012. Here we report on deformation modelling results to infer active magma reservoirs during the observed pre-eruptive crustal inflation phase. Co-eruptive phase was marked by a pause in the deformation signals, indicating minor reservoir inflation/deflation processes. Previous inferences about active sources were obtained using classical assumptions about the deforming media (linear elastic isotropic and homogeneous half-space approximations) to evaluate existing fast analytical volcano deformation models. Here, we explore the impact of such assumptions on geodetic interpretation, by accounting for heterogeneities and rough topography utilizing numerical techniques as such as Finite Element Method (FEM). We have developed and applied a FEM code to include realistic topography and crustal mechanical heterogeneities for El Hierro Island. FEM results support bias on estimated source parameters with respect to those obtained using simple models. We emphasize the use of advanced numerical techniques to improve the quantitative interpretation of volcano deformation signals.

Trabajo presentado en el 9ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica, celebrada en Madrid (España), del 28 al 30 de junio de 2016

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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