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handle: 10261/187663
[ES]: En este Trabajo Fin de Grado se ha realizado el estudio de la adición de fenol y anisol sobre el doble enlace de un éster graso, concretamente el oleato de metilo, mediante una reacción de alquilación de Friedel-Crafts, obteniéndose de esta manera los compuestos alquilados. Estas reacciones se han llevado a cabo tanto con catalizadores homogéneos, como el ácido trifluorometansulfónico, como con catalizadores heterogéneos sólidos, como Nafión NR50, Amberlita 15, Dowex 50WX2, Montmorillonita K10, Aquivion PW795 y Nafión SAC13. Las conversiones de oleato de metilo se han determinado mediante cromatografía de gases. Se han obtenido conversiones entre 32% y 98%, obteniéndose las mayores conversiones con fenol como reactivo. Se han conseguido separar los productos 9(10)-(2-hidroxifenil)estearato de metilo y 9(10)-(4-hidroxifenil)estearato de metilo en el caso de la reacción con fenol y los productos 9(10)-(2-metoxifenil)estearato de metilo y 9(10)-(4-metoxifenil)estearato de metilo en la reacción con anisol mediante cromatografía en columna. Estos productos se han caracterizado mediante técnicas espectroscópicas (1H-RMN, APT y COSY). Finalmente, se ha empezado a estudiar la reacción de sulfonación con 4-isopropilanisol como reactivo modelo con la intención de pasar a sulfonar los productos derivados de oleato de metilo obtenidos anteriormente. En este proceso, se han encontrado problemas para obtener y caracterizar los productos por lo que será necesario estudiarlo en profundidad para obtener los tensoactivos deseados.
[EN]: In this undergraduate dissertation, there has been the addition of phenol and anisole study on the double bond of a fatty ester, specifically methyl oleate, by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, obtaining in this way the alkylated compound. These reactions are both made with homogeneous catalysts, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, as with solid heterogeneous catalysts, such as Nafion NR50, Amberlyst 15, Dowex 50WX2, Montmorillonite K10, Aquivion PW795 and Nafion SAC13. Methyl oleate conversions have been determined by gas chromatography. It has been conversions between 32% and 98%, resulting in higher conversions with phenol as reagent. It has been possible to separate the products methyl 9(10)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)stearate and methyl 9(10)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)stearate in the case of the reaction with phenol and the products methyl 9(10)-(2-methoxyphenyl)stearate and methyl 9(10)-(2-methoxyphenyl)stearate in the reaction with anisole by column chromatography. These products have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H-RMN, APT and COSY). Finally, the reaction of sulfonation has begun to study with 4-isopropylanisole as a reagent model with the intention of sulfonated derivatives of methyl oleate obtained previously. In this process, it has found to obtain and characterize the products so it will be necessary to study it in depth to obtain the desired surfactants.
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