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Preparación de polímeros biodegradables con respuesta a la luz como nanotransportadores poliméricos de fármacos

Authors: Guerreiro Gómez, Enrique;

Preparación de polímeros biodegradables con respuesta a la luz como nanotransportadores poliméricos de fármacos

Abstract

[ES]: La liberación controlada de fármacos responde a la necesidad de crear tratamientos menos invasivos y más eficientes en base a fármacos ya existentes. Los retos incluyen mejorar la solubilidad de fármacos hidrófobos y controlar el tiempo y lugar de liberación. Los copolímeros bloque anfífilos con respuesta a estímulos son adecuados para este fin: generan micelas o vesículas en agua que pueden encapsular fármacos y la incorporación de una respuesta a un estímulo permite controlar la liberación de lo que éstas contengan. En este trabajo se propuso trabajar con copolímeros bloque lineal-lineal con poli(etilenglicol) como bloque hidrófilo y policarbonato alifático como bloque hidrófobo, que además tiene carácter biodegradable. Como grupo sensible a estímulo se eligió un éster derivado de la 7-dietilamino-4-metil cumarina, ya que éste presenta hidrólisis al ser irradiado con luz UV y del infrarrojo cercano, en este caso en un proceso a dos fotones. El uso de cumarina sirve como punto de partida para estudios posteriores reemplazando el azobenceno que se había empleado hasta ahora en el grupo de Cristales Líquidos y Polímeros. Como parte del trabajo se ha llevado a cabo la síntesis del copolímero bloque y de la unidad sensible a la luz así como su caracterización por las técnicas espectroscópicas habituales (FTIR, RMN) y la funcionalización del copolímero con dicha unidad. A continuación se formaron agregados a partir de dicho copolímero, que dieron como resultado micelas esféricas. Por último, se midió el comportamiento de absorción UV-Visible y de fluorescencia de dichas micelas y se realizó un pequeño estudio de irradiación con luz UV. Los resultados sientan las bases para un estudio en mayor profundidad de las posibilidades que pueden aportar estos nanotransportadores en liberación controlada de fármacos.

[EN]: Controlled drug delivery meets the need to create less invasive and more ecient treatments based in existing drugs. The goals include improving hydrophobic drugs’ solubility and time and place of release. Stimuli responsive block copolymers are convenient for this purpose: they generate micelles or vesicles in water that can encapsulate drugs and control the drug release if they are stimuli responsive. Block copolymers containing poly(ethylene glycol) as hydrophilic block and a biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate as hydrophobic block were proposed for this project. An ester derivative of 7-diethylamino-4-methyl coumarin was chosen as the stimuli responsive group, as this ester gets hydrolyzed under ultraviolet and near infrared radiation, a two-photon process in the latter case. The use of coumarin is a starting point for subsequent projects replacing azobenzene, which was used until now by the Liquid Crystals and Polymers group. This work involved both the synthesis of the block copolymer and light-sensitive unit, as well as their characterization using common spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, RMN) and the functionalization of the copolymer with the aforementioned unit. Next, aggregates were prepared in water with the functionalized copolymer, giving spheric micelles as result. Finally, the UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence behavior for this micelles was measured and a simple UV irradiation study was performed. The results of this project provide the basis for further study in these nanocarriers’ controlled drug delivery abilities.

Graduado en Química.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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