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Doctoral thesis . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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Pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis

Authors: Bardetti, Paola;

Pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis

Abstract

[ES] Todas las células utilizan vías de transducción de señales para responder a cambios ambientales. Las cascadas de señalización están involucradas en la transmisión de un estímulo externo a objetivos intracelulares, lo que permite que las células se adapten a las nuevas condiciones. La comprensión de estas vías de señalización es fundamental para entender mecanismos importantes como el crecimiento celular, la diferenciación y la muerte celular. Dado que los hongos son organismos simples y sus vías de señalización interna se conservan evolutivamente, representan el mejor modelo para proporcionar información sobre estos procesos también en eucariotas superiores. Además, en las últimas décadas ha aumentado el conocimiento sobre las vías de señalización fúngicas y ha surgido su importancia para determinar la patogenicidad en patógenos humanos y de plantas (Zhao et al., 2007; Pérez-Nadales et al., 2014). Por esta razón, estas cascadas y sus dianas intracelulares a menudo se estudian para comprender el mecanismo de la patogenicidad y desarrollar compuestos que pueden detener la infección. Ustilago maydis es un fitopatógeno basidiomicetos que causa la enfermedad del carbón en la planta de Zea mais, causando grandes pérdidas económicas(Topp et al., 2002). Gracias al desarrollo de técnicas que facilitan la manipulación genética y molecular, hoy en día U. maydis representa un buen modelo para estudiar la fitopatología (Bolker 2001, Kamper 2004, Terfruchte et al., 2014). Este hongo tieneuna fase similar a la levadura saprófita no patógena y una fase patogénica que se desencadena por el apareamiento de dos células compatibles en respuesta a la feromona. La fusión da como resultado la formación de hifas infecciosas que pueden infectar plantas de maíz y causar tumor. En otras palabras, en U. maydis la virulencia está estrictamente asociada con la vida sexual y la señal de feromonas desencadena la activación del programa de virulencia. Para aparearse, U. maydis necesita formar las estructuras sexuales, llamadas tubo conjugativo y sincronizar el ciclo celular de ambas células en la misma fase. En el hongo ascomiceto no patógeno S. cerevisiae, el mecanismo de sincronización del ciclo celular inducido por feromonas está bastante bien caracterizado y da como resultado una parada del ciclo celular en la fase G1 (Chang y Herskowitz 1990). En U.maydis está ampliamente descrito que una cascada de MAPK conservada transmite la señal de feromonas, como ocurre en S. cereviase, pero no se comprende bien cómo esta cascada puede controlar la parada del ciclo celular. El objetivo de este estudio es dilucidar el mecanismo por el cual la señal de feromonas puede modular la maquinaria del ciclo celular a través de la cascada de MAPK en un hongo patógeno.

[EN] All living cells use signal transduction pathways to respond to the environmental changes. Signaling cascades are involved in the transmission of an external stimulus to intracellular targets allowing cells to adapt to the new conditions. The comprehension of these signaling pathways is pivotal to understand important mechanisms such as cellular growth, differentiation and cell death. Since Fungi are simple organisms and their internal signals pathways are evolutionary conserved, they represent on of the best model to provide insights into these processes also in higher Eukaryotes. Moreover, in the past decades the knowledge about fungal signaling pathways has increased and it has emerged their importance in determine pathogenicity in human and plant pathogens (Zhao et al. 2007; Perez-Nadales et al. 2014). For this reason these cascades and their intracellular targets are often studied to understand the mechanism of pathogenicity and develop drugs and compounds that can arrest the infection. Ustilago maydis is a basidiomycota phytopathogen that causes smut disease in Zea mais plant, causing big economic loses (Topp et al. 2002). Thanks to the development of techniques that make easier the genetic and molecular manipulation, nowadays U. maydis represents a good model to study phytopathogenity (Bolker 2001; Kamper 2004; Terfruchte et al. 2014). This fungus has a no pathogenic saprophytic yeast-like phase and a pathogenic phase that is triggered by the mating of two compatible cells in response to pheromone. The fusion results in the formation the infective hyphae that can infect corn plants and cause tumor. In other words, in U. maydis virulence is strictly associated with sexual life and pheromone signal triggers the activation of the virulence program. In order to mate U. maydis needs to form the sexual structures, called conjugative tube and synchronize the cell cycle of both cells in the same phase. In the no-pathogenic ascomycete fungus S. cerevisiae, the mechanism of cell cycle synchronization induced by pheromone is quite well characterized and results in a cell cycle arrest in G1 phase (Chang and Herskowitz 1990). In U.maydis it has been extensively described that a conserved MAPK cascade transmits the pheromone signal, as happens in S. cereviase, but how this cascade is able to govern the arrest of the cell cycle is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which the pheromone signal can modulate the cell cycle machinery through the MAPK cascade in a pathogenic fungus.

Tesis llevada a cabo para conseguir el grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Salamanca.--2018-05-03

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Células, Ciclo celular, Hongos fitopatógenos, Feromonas

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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