
handle: 10261/179006
[ES]: [Objetivos]: Interacciones agresivas entre Quebrantahuesos Gypaetus barbatus y Cuervos Corvus corax son frecuentes en los sectores de nidificación pirenaicos compartidos por ambas especies. Los sectores de nidificación del Quebrantahuesos son vulnerables al cleptoparasitismo (el alimento se almacena de forma visible y predecible en nidos, posaderos y rompederos), mientras que es conocida la capacidad parásito-predadora de los Cuervos. Examinamos cómo ambas especies interaccionan temporal y comportamentalmente durante la crianza y analizamos los factores que afectan estas conductas. [Localidad]: Pirineos Centrales (Cataluña, Noreste de España). [Métodos]: Cuantificamos los encuentros agresivos interespecíficos en 10 sectores de nidificación (área = 3.750 km2). Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo desde puntos donde los nidos, posaderos y rompederos eran visualizados simultáneamente. Los datos fueron comparados mediante pruebas estadísticas no-paramétricas. [Resultados]: La mayoría de los ataques dirigidos hacia los Cuervos ocurrieron desde los nidos y la mayor intensidad defensiva de los Quebrantahuesos tuvo lugar cuando los pollos contaban con pocos días de vida. Los Cuervos dirigieron sus ataques preferentemente cuando los Quebrantahuesos se encontraban cerca de los nidos, independientemente de si éstos transportaban o no alimento. Los Cuervos sólo fueron relativamente eficaces en sus intentos de robo atacando en grupo cuando los Quebrantahuesos manipulaban el alimento en espacios abiertos. [Conclusiones]: La diferencia de tamaño entre ambas especies y la naturaleza de alimento condiciona la eficacia parasitaria de los Cuervos. Para los Quebrantahuesos, los efectos negativos que implica la cohabitacióncon Cuervos estarían asociados a los costes energéticos derivados de la defensa de los nidos y a los estorbos en los intentos de piratería. No obstante, la conducta defensiva de los Quebrantahuesos sugiere la existencia de riesgos de predación, principalmente durante los primeros estadios de la crianza, período en el que los pollos pueden ser más vulnerables.
[EN]: [Aims]: Aggressive interactions between the Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus and the Common Raven Corvus corax are frequent in the Pyrenean nesting sectors shared by both species. The Bearded Vulture´s nesting sectors are vulnerable to kleptoparasitism (food is stored in a visible and predictable manner in nests, perching sites and ossuaries), and the Raven´s parasitic-predatory abilities are well known. How both species interact was examined by studying their behaviour during the nestling period and analysing the factors that affect this behaviour. [Location]: Central Pyrenees (Catalonia, NE Spain). [Methods]: The aggressive interspecific encounters in 10 nesting sites (area = 3750 km2) was quantified. The observations were carried out from locations where the nests, perching sites and ossuaries could be viewed simultaneously. The data were compared using non-parametric statistical tests. [Results]: Most of the attacks on the Ravens occurred from nests and the highest percentage of defensive behaviour in the Bearded Vultures was observed when the chicks were only a few days old. The Ravens preferred to attack when the Bearded Vultures were near the nests, whether the latter were carrying food or not. The Ravens were only relatively effective in their kleptoparasitic attempts when they attacked in a group at times when the Bearded Vultures were manipulating the food in open areas. [Conclusions]: The difference in size between both species, and the type of food affected the Ravens´parasitic efficiency. For the Bearded Vultures, the negative effects of coexisting with the Ravens are associated with the energetic costs derived from nest defence and the disturbance generated by the Ravens´kleptoparasitic attempts. Nevertheless, the Bearded Vultures´ defensive behaviour suggests that risks of predation exist, mainly during the initial stages of the breeding period, which is when the chicks are likely to be more vulnerable.
This study was supported by the Departament de Medi Ambient de la Generalitat de Catalunya and Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente).
Peer reviewed
Interespecific interactions, Interacciones interespecíficas, Bearded vulture, Corvus corax, Riesgo de predación, Cuervo, Gypaetus barbatus, Cleptoparasitismo, Raven, Kleptoparasitism, Nest defence, Predation risk, Quebrantahuesos, Defensa del nido
Interespecific interactions, Interacciones interespecíficas, Bearded vulture, Corvus corax, Riesgo de predación, Cuervo, Gypaetus barbatus, Cleptoparasitismo, Raven, Kleptoparasitism, Nest defence, Predation risk, Quebrantahuesos, Defensa del nido
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