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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos

Authors: Canal Rodríguez, María;

Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos

Abstract

[ES] La capacidad de diseñar a medida las propiedades porosas de los xerogeles de carbono, hace que estos materiales tengan una gran variedad de aplicaciones entre las que se encuentra su uso como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos (supercondensadores, baterías y pilas de combustible). Sistemas que actualmente están suscitando un gran interés debido por un lado al imparable desarrollo tecnológico motivado por el creciente uso de dispositivos electrónicos y por otro, al abandono de los combustibles fósiles y la apuesta por una generación limpia y sostenible de energía. Sin embargo, para obtener un adecuado rendimiento de los sistemas electroquímicos, además de una estructura porosa adecuada también se necesita que el material de electrodo tenga una elevada conductividad eléctrica. Objetivo que no es sencillo de alcanzar, ya que se trata de características normalmente contrapuestas en los materiales de carbono. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se han planteado tres estrategias: (i) La adición de aditivos conductores a la estructura de los xerogeles de carbono de manera que el aditivo conductor genere una red que facilite el transporte de electrones preservando el control de la estructura porosa del gel (i.e. geles híbridos), (ii) la grafitización u ordenamiento estructural de xerogeles de carbono mediante calentamiento convencional y calentamiento con microondas y (iii) la grafitización de xerogeles de carbono híbridos. Mediante el ajuste adecuado de las variables que influyen en cada técnica empleada, se obtuvieron xerogeles de carbono que combinan elevadas porosidades desde la micro hasta la macroporosidad con elevadas conductividades eléctricas. Los distintos materiales sintetizados fueron evaluados como electrodos en supercondensadores acuosos (i) en baterías ion-litio (ii y iii) y como catalizadores en la reacción de reducción de oxígeno (ii), obteniendo buenos resultados en cada uno de los dispositivos estudiados, especialmente en el caso de los supercondensadores, en los que a intensidades elevadas de trabajo se obtuvieron densidades de energía y de potencia mucho más elevadas a las del carbón utilizado como material de referencia.

[EN] The ability to tailor the porous characteristics of carbon xerogels makes them potential candidates for use in a wide variety of applications, one of which as electrode materials in electrochemical devices (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries or fuel cells). These systems are attracting a lot of attention nowadays firstly, because of the continuous development of technology caused by the increasing use of electronical devices, and secondly, due to the need to reduce the use of fossil fuels in favour of cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy generation. However, to ensure their optimal performance, in addition to a tailored porosity, the electrode material in such devices needs to have a high electrical conductivity. An objective that is not easy to reach as they are normally opposite characteristics in carbon materials. In the present Doctoral Thesis three strategies were employed: (i) the addition of conductive additives to the carbonaceous structure in order to form a conductive network that facilitates the movement of electrons while preserving the control of porosity in carbon xerogels (i.e. hybrid xerogels), (ii) the graphitization or structural ordering of carbon xerogels under conventional heating and microwave heating and (iii) the graphitization of hybrid carbon xerogels. By adjusting the variables that influence the different techniques employed, it was possible to obtain carbon xerogels that combine a high volume of pores in the micro and macroporosity range and a high electrical conductivity. The materials synthesized were evaluated as electrodes in aqueous supercapacitors (i) in lithium-ion batteries (ii and iii) and as catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ii), with good results in each case, especially in the case of supercapacitors in which at high current densities, greater energy and power densities than those of the commercial material analysed under the same conditions were obtained.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Electroquímica, Xerogel, ORR, Carbono, Aerogeles, Baterías de Ión-Litio, Supercondensador

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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