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Distribution and habits of the Orthoptera (Sens. lat.) of the Balearic Islands (Spain)

Authors: Gangwere, S. K.; Llorente del Moral, Vicenta;

Distribution and habits of the Orthoptera (Sens. lat.) of the Balearic Islands (Spain)

Abstract

[ES] Basándose principalmente en la bibliografía consultada y en nuestros propios datos, así como en el estudio del material perteneciente al Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y a la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, se conocen hoy día 85 especies y subespecies pertenecientes a la fauna ortopterológica de las Baleares. Estos insectos son de hábitos xerófilos, mesófilos, hidrófilos o domésticos/semidomésticos. Alrededor de un 60 'Yo de estos Orthopteroidea es común con el Noroeste de Africa, Península Ibérica y Europa meridional. El resto está más restringido en su distribución, siendo el 12 'Yo esencialmente norteafricano, el otro 12 % común con las islas mediterráneas occidentales, el 11 'Yo esencialmente europeo (paleártico) y el 5 'Yo de origen ibérico. Los principales factores que han influido en la distribución balear son las glaciaciones, los «puentes» o enlaces terrestres del pasado y el transporte pasivo mediante corrientes de aire, de agua (a la deriva) y vehículos humanos. El apterismo o el micropterismo en algunas especies no ha detenido aparentemente su colonización insular, puesto que no se ha demostrado que exista una considerable correlación positiva entre la capacidad de vuelo y la dispersión de las especies. Un análisis de regresión de los 85 representantes de las Baleares demuestra que la distancia insular al punto más cercano de tierra firme no tiene una influencia significativa sobre el número de especies, mientras que el tamaño de la isla sí la tiene, un resultado un tanto sorprendente si lo comparamos con la teoría de la biogeografía insular conocida. La mayoría de los Orthoptera de las Baleares se encuentran activos durante dos o más estaciones del año, excepto el invierno, y algunos incluso casi todo el año. Hay dos máximos de población, el mayor en junio y el menor en septiembre.

[EN] There has been little concerted study of the Balearic Island Orthoptera (sens. lat.) and their alijes, hence the present investigation analyzing personal data, specimens of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales and the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, and pertinent literature. Based on this analysis, the Balearic fauna of these insects now numbers 85 species and subspecies of xerophilic, mesophilic, hydrophilic, and domestic/semidomestic habitat selectivity. About 60 % of these taxa are common to northwest Africa, Iberia, and meridional Europe. The remainder are more restricted in distribution, 12 °/0 being essentially northwest African, 12 'Yo western Mediterranean island, 11 % meridional European (Palearctic), and 5 'Yo Iberian in origin. Factors which may have acted to produce their current Balearic distribution include glaciation, past land bridges, and passive transport via air currents, human vehicles, and probably rafting. The winglessness or reduced wings of some species have apparently not inhibited their island colonization inasmuch as no significant positive correlation is demonstrated between flight and dispersal. A regression analysis of the 85 Balearic representatives shows that island distance from the nearest mainland does not have a significant influence on species numbers but island size does, a result inconsistent with current island biogeographic theory. Most Balearic Orthoptera are active during two or more seasons per year except winter, and some are active either all or almost all year long. There are two overall population peaks, the greater in June and the lesser in September.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Orthoptera

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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