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Doctoral thesis . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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Evolución dirigida de lacasas fúngicas: termoestabilidad y síntesis de colorantes heteropoliméricos

Authors: Vicente, Ana I.;

Evolución dirigida de lacasas fúngicas: termoestabilidad y síntesis de colorantes heteropoliméricos

Abstract

Después de dos ciclos de evolución dirigida basados predicciones computacionales, se obtuvo el mutante K-2SO, el cual presentó varias mutaciones en loops flexibles que aumentaron notablemente la termoestabilidad. K-2SO fue purificado y caracterizado bioquímicamente junto con otras variantes obtenidas a lo largo del proceso evolutivo, permitiendo el desglose de las propiedades evolucionadas. Particularmente, K-2SO mostró un incremento en su temperatura óptima y, sobre todo, un notable aumento de seis veces en su vida media, con respecto al parental, sin comprometer su eficiencia catalítica. De este modo, gracias a este enfoque evolutivo racional se alcanzó un compromiso entre actividad y estabilidad, mientras que los efectos de tales cambios fueron discutidos en un contexto estructural. o Síntesis de colorantesheteropoliméricos C-N La producción enzimática de colorantes heteropoliméricos a pH básico es un proceso de gran interés en la industria textil. En esta Tesis se diseñó una lacasa fúngica mediante evolución dirigida, de forma que fuera capaz de trabajar a pH alcalino en la síntesis de un colorante heteropolimérico C-N formado a partir de catecol y ácido 2,5-diaminobencenosulfónico (2,5-DABSA). En primer lugar, se compararon varias lacasas fúngicas de medio y alto potencial redox (provenientes de campañas evolutivas previas), para la síntesis del heteropolímero C-N a pH 8, seleccionando una variante alcalina de la lacasa de Myceliophthora thermophila como punto de partida para la posterior evolución. Las librerías de mutantes fueron construidas y expresadas en S. cerevisiae, y el cribado high-throughput se llevó a cabo utilizando un ensayo colorimétrico para la detección del heteropolímero C-N. La combinación de técnicas clásicas y enfocadas de evolución, dio como resultado una nueva variante de lacasa alcalina con una elevada expresión funcional. Los niveles de secreción de esta nueva lacasa alcalina fueron de 37 mg/L y su eficiencia catalítica para la oxidación a pH 8 fue mejorada 3,5 veces con respecto a la lacasa de M. thermophila nativa, favoreciendo la síntesis de heteropolímeros C-N a pH básico. Mientras que la mejora de la expresión fue mayoritariamente el resultado de la acumulación de mutaciones que favorecieron el uso de codones en levadura junto con la recuperación de una mutación de secreción, el incremento en la actividad para la síntesis del colorante heteropolimérico C-N fue dependiente de las mutaciones alcalinas heredadas. De este modo, esta lacasa alcalina evolucionada y con elevada secreción podría ser una plataforma de alto valor para la síntesis orgánica a pHs básicos.

After two cycles of directed evolution in conjunction with computational predictions, we obtained the K-2SO mutant with several mutations in flexible loops that notably improved thermostability. We purified to homogeneity and characterized biochemically K-2SO along with several variants of the evolution route to make a breakdown in the evolved properties. K-2SO showed an increase in its optimum temperature and above all, a notably 6-fold increase in the half-life vs the parental type without jeopardizing kinetics. With this rational evolutionary approach, we achieved a trade-off between activity and stability while the effects of such a changes were discussed within a structural context. Synthesis of C-N heteropolymeric dyes Enzymatic production of C-N heteropolymeric dyes at alkaline pH is an attractive process for the textile industry. In this Thesis we designed a fungal laccase by directed evolution so that it may be used at alkaline pHs for the synthesis of C-N heteropolymeric dyes (C-N polydye) from catechol and 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (2,5-DABSA). Firstly, several medium- and high-redox potential fungal laccases from previous laboratory evolution campaigns were benchmarked for the synthesis of the C-N polydye at pH 8.0, choosing an alkaline laccase mutant from Myceliophthora thermophila as the departure point for further engineering. Mutant libraries were then constructed, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and screened using a high-throughput colorimetric assay for the detection of the C-N polydye. By combining directed and focused molecular evolution, a novel, strongly expressed alkaline laccase variant was identified. This laccase was secreted at 37 mg/L and its catalytic efficiency for the oxidation of catechol and 2,5-DABSA at pH 8.0 was enhanced 3.5-fold relative to that of the wild-type, promoting the synthesis of the C-N polydye at basic pHs. While the improved expression was mostly the result of accumulating mutations that favor the yeast´s codon usage together with the recovery of a secretion mutation, the enhanced C-N polydye synthetic activity of the mutant laccase was dependent on the alkaline mutations it inherited. Readily secreted, this laccase mutant would appear to be a valuable platform for organic synthesis at basic pHs.

[ES] Las lacasas (EC 1.10.3.2) son oxidasas multicobre capaces de oxidar fenoles, polifenoles, aminas aromáticas y otros muchos compuestos. Estas enzimas tan sólo requieren O2 del aire como co-sustrato liberando agua como único sub-producto, lo que las convierte en uno de los biocatalizadores verdes más prometedores. Su centro catalítico está formado por cuatro átomos de cobre, el cobre del sitio T1, donde los sustratos reductores son oxidados, y un clúster trinuclear al cual se une el oxígeno molecular y es reducido a dos moléculas de agua. Las lacasas fúngicas presentan una gran relevancia industrial debido a su mayor potencial redox en el sitio T1, lo que facilita su aplicación en muchos sectores biotecnológicos, incluyendo la industria papelera, la síntesis orgánica, la biorremediación o la producción de biocombustibles, entre otros. Sin embargo, las lacasas deben ser modificadas para alcanzar los estándares industriales, particularmente en términos de estabilidad y/o eficiencia en un proceso dado. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha abordado la evolución dirigida de dos lacasas fúngicas para: i) mejorar la termoestabilidad y ii) promover la síntesis de colorantes heteropolímeros C-N. o Evolución para la mejora de la termoestabilidad Dado que la termoestabilidad es un parámetro esencial para muchas aplicaciones industriales, la lacasa mutante termoestable OB-1 (proveniente de campañas de evolución previas sobre la lacasa de alto potencial redox PM1) fue objeto de evolución enfocada para mejorar su termoestabilidad. En primer lugar, se emplearon algoritmos computacionales (mediante el análisis de B-factor y simulaciones de dinámica molecular) para identificar segmentos con alta flexibilidad en la superficie de la enzima, los cuales fueron posteriormente fortalecidos mediante herramientas de evolución enfocada. Esto último fue llevado a cabo gracias a diferentes métodos de creación de librerías en Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incluyendo MORPHING, mutagénesis saturada y mutagénesis combinatorial saturada, acoplados a ensayos de exploración high-throughput para termoestabilidad.

[EN] Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper containing oxidases capable of oxidizing phenols, polyphenols, aromatic amines and many other compounds. Laccases are simply fuelled by O2 from air releasing water as the only by-product, and thereby they can be considered among the most promising green biocatalysts. The catalytic center of laccase is formed by four copper atoms, the T1 Cu site where reducing substrates are oxidized and a trinuclear Cu cluster in which oxygen binds and it is reduced to two molecules of water. Fungal laccases are of special industrial relevance due to their higher redox potential at the T1 site, which allows them to be used in plenty of biotechnological sectors, including pulp and paper industry, organic synthesis, bioremediation, biofuels production and more. However, laccases must be engineered to meet with industrial standards in terms of achieving higher stability or to increase their efficiency in a given process. In this Doctoral Thesis, we have tackled the directed evolution of different fungal laccases in order to: i) improve thermostability and ii) promote the synthesis C-N heteropolymeric dyes. o Evolving thermostability Given that thermostability is an essential parameter for many industrial applications, the thermostable OB-1 laccase mutant (from previous evolution campaigns applied to the high redox potential laccase PM1) was subjected to focused evolution to further improve thermostability. In the first place, we employed computational algorithms (through the analysis of B-factors and molecular dynamics simulations) to identify segments at the protein surface with high flexibility which were thereafter reinforced by means of focused evolution. The latter was carried out with the assistance of a range of library creation methods in Saccharomyces cerevisiae including MORPHING, saturation and combinatorial mutagenesis coupled to a high-throughput screening assay for thermostability.

Beca FPI del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación dentro del proyecto nacional EVOFACEL (BIO2010-19697), y del proyecto europeo INDOX (KBBE-2013-7-613549).

180 p.-49 fig.-43 tab.-anexos

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Enzimas, Colorantes poliméricos, Evolución dirigida, Termoestabilidad, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lacasas

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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