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handle: 10261/16905
[ES]La importancia de la proximidad geográfica para la mejora de la innovación en las empresas ha sido resaltada por diversos análisis. Algunas investigaciones empíricas obtienen resultados contradictorios sobre la importancia relativa de la concentración espacial, frente a la mayor trascendencia de factores relacionados con el capital humano o las cadenas de conexión. Con todo, parece existir un consenso general que asocia los resultados de innovación de las empresas con determinados entornos territoriales y con políticas regionales específicas. El presente trabajo propone, en primer lugar, un esquema teórico para conceptualizar los condicionantes y elementos clave de las políticas regionales relacionadas con la innovación. A continuación describimos con un cierto grado de detalle dos experiencias concretas, el caso de Emilia-Romagna en Italia y el caso de North Jutland en Dinamarca, que constituyen dos ejemplos de aplicación de tales políticas. En la última sección del trabajo proponemos una serie de reflexiones a modo de discusión sobre los temas relevantes y controvertidos que afectan al estudio y las prácticas de promoción de la innovación en los clusters o distritos industriales.
[EN]The importance of the geographical proximity in order to improve innovation performance of the companies has been underlined by several researches. Although some works find contradictory results with respect to the relative importance of the spatial concentration in comparison with a greater relevancy of the factors related to human capital and chain linkages. Above all, seem to be a general convincing in the association between higher levels of innovation performance for companies and certain geographical areas and certain regional policies. This paper proposes a theoretical scheme to conceptualize conditionings and key elements of the regional policies related to innovation. Then, we describe with certain degree of detail to particular experiences, the case of Emilia-Romagna in Italy and the case of North Jutland in Denmark. In the last section of the paper we propose a series of reflections as discussion on the relevant and controversial issues effecting to studies and practices of the promotion of innovations in industrial clusters and districts.
1 table, 26 pages
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