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Análisis de escorias de plomo del poblado de la Edad del Hierro de El Calvari en El Molar (Priorat, Tarragona)

Authors: Gener Moret, Marc; Rovira, Salvador; Montero Ruiz, Ignacio; Renzi, Martina; Rafel Fontanals, Nuria; Armada, Xosé-Lois;

Análisis de escorias de plomo del poblado de la Edad del Hierro de El Calvari en El Molar (Priorat, Tarragona)

Abstract

[ES] El conjunto arqueológico de El Calvari en El Molar está formado por un poblado y una necrópolis de época preibérica, de los siglos VIII-VII AC. Uno de sus aspectos más relevantes es el hallazgo de materiales orientalizantes de tipología fenicia, cuya presencia se ha puesto en relación con intereses fenicios en el comercio de metales, en particular de la plata, metal cuya explotación está históricamente atestiguada en el área metalífera de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset. Entre los materiales de interés arqueometalúrgico encontrados en el poblado destaca una serie de fragmentos de escorias de plomo, cuyas muestras seleccionadas han sido analizadas exhaustivamente en el microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM-EDX) y espectrometría (XRF-ED) para determinar su composición química y mineralógica, así como la posible presencia de relictos de mineral de plata. Las escorias son de tres tipos: unas tienen aspecto heterogéneo, con un material fundido que atrapa granos de sílice y feldespato si reaccionar, fácilmente desmenuzables incluso con los dedos; los otros dos derivan del anterior hacia vidrios plomados. Las fases mineralógicas más abundantes en el fundido son vidrios silicatados con plomo, que forman una matriz en la que frecuentemente han cristalizado bastones y agujas de wollastonita, alófana y otros silicatos. Abundan las inclusiones esféricas de plomo y óxido de plomo. No se han encontrado minerales de plata ni plata metálica. Las pérdidas totales de plomo en la escora son, en general, superiores al 10% en peso, llegando a cifras cercanas al 50%.

[EN] The archeological site of El Calvari in El Molar is composed by a village and a necropolis of pre-Iberian chronology, 8th -7th. One of its most importan aspects was the find of orientalizing materials of Phoenician typology, which presence has been related to Phoenician interests in the metals trade, particularly silver, a metal which exploitatiion has been historially attested in the metallferous area of Molar-Bellmunt-Falset. Among the materials of archaeometallurgical interest found in the village stands out a group of fragments of lead slag, a selection of which have been exhaustively analysed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) and through spectyrometry (XRF/ED) to determine their chemical and ineralogical composition, as well as the possible presence of traces of silver mineral. The slags are of three types: one presents a heterogeneous aspect, with a fused material that traps unreacted grains of silica and feldspar, easily crumbled even using only the fingers; the other two types derive from the first one to leaded glasses. The most abundant mineralogical phases inteh fused material are silicated glasses with lead, forming a matrix where there had frequently crystalized rods and needles of wollastonite, allophane and other silicates. There´s an abundance of speherical lead and lead oxide inclusions. Metallic silver or silver minerals were not found. The total losses of lead in the slag are, in general, above the 10% in weight, reaching figures up to near the 50%.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

LAr, Período orientalizante, Pre-Iberian metallurgy, Escorias de plomo, Lead slags, Análisis SEM, Metalurgia preibérica, LaPa, Orientalizing period, SEM analysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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