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Biogeografía de Áreas y Biogeografía de artrópodos holárticos y Mediterráneos

Authors: Martín Piera, F.; Sanmartín, Isabel;

Biogeografía de Áreas y Biogeografía de artrópodos holárticos y Mediterráneos

Abstract

[ES] Tras un breve repaso histórico de conceptos y métodos en biogeografía histórica, se esboza la contribución del conocimiento filogenético y biogeográfico de los Artrópodos, a la historia biogeográfica de los paleocontinentes holárticos y, en particular, a la biogeografia histórica de la región mediterránea. A través de algunos ejemplos, se analizan escenarios biogeográficos relevantes para explicar la evolución espacial de algunos grupos Artrópodos del área mediterránea. La mayor parte de las filogenias disponibles indican que, en general, se puede hablar de una región Holártica en la que dominan las relaciones continentales: región Neártica versus Paleártica. No obstante, las relaciones paleocontinentales (Asiamérica versus Euramérica) y las distribuciones disyuntas, son relativamente más frecuentes entre los grupos de alto rango taxonómico. La acumulación incesante de datos, sugiere que no sólo la región Neártica occidental (como infieren muchos biogeógrafos) sino también el paleocontinente Asiamérica, parecen haber jugado un gran papel histórico como área ancestral (centro de origen y 'punto de partida' de dispersiones) de numerosos grupos de Artrópodos holárticos, especialmente, en niveles taxonómicos de alto rango (familias). Los análisis filogenéticos de Artrópodos mediterráneos, principalmente Insectos, indican que la cuenca mediterránea es un área con una historia biogeográfica compleja en la que se repiten eventos de dispersión (linajes transmediterráneos) y vicarianza a lo largo de su historia. En ella, se reconocen numerosas áreas de endemismo (Península Ibérica, Magreb occidental y oriental, Córcega, Cerdeña, Alpes, Italia, Balcanes y Anatolia), pero los resultados indican claramente que un mismo área puede ser el escenario de múltiples historias biogeográficas. Asi, mientras la Península Ibérica, resulta ser el área ancestral para algunos grupos, muestra una condición biogeográfica derivada en otros. Otras áreas insulares, como Sicilia, también manifiestan la misma incongruencia biogeográfica. Los autores reconocen que la biogeografía histórica aun no ha alcanzado suficiente madurez científica, pero consideran que es tan sólo una cuestión de tiempo y rechazan firmemente que los resultados de estas investigaciones, sean narraciones irrefutables arraigadas en un mero diletantismo científico.

[EN] Afier a brief historical ovelView on concepts and rnethods of historical biogegraphy, the contribution of phylogenetic and biogeographic studies on Artrhopods to the knowledge ofhistorica! biogeographyofthe holarctic paleocontinents and, in particular, of the Mediterranean region is reviewed, Different biogeographic scenarios which have been proposed to explain the actual distribution and spatial evolution of Mediterranean taxa are discussed, using examples for sorne groups of arthropods endemic to this area. Most available phylogenies support the Holarctic as a rea! biogeographic region, where continental faunistic relationships can be recognized (Nearctic versus Palaearctic) as the most dominant within groups. Nevertheless, paleocontinental biogeographic relationships (Asiamerica versus Euramerica) and disjunt distributional patterns, are relatively more frequent among higher taxanornic rank. It seems c!ear also from these studies that not only the western Nearctic but also the Eastern Palaearctic (Le. the entire Asíamerican paleocontinent), have played a bigger role as ancestral area (center of origins or 'starting points' for dispersions) for many groups of Arthropods, as far as family-clades are concerned. Phylogenetic studies of mediterranean Artrhopods, mostly Insects, indicate that historical biogeography ofthe Circum-Mediterranean basin has been complícated by succesive events of dispersal and vicariance. Siogeogtraphic analyses recognized many different areas of endemism (Iberian Peninsula, Wester and Eastern Magreb, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Alps, Italy, Salkans, and Anatolla), but also indicate that the same area, can be the scenario of multiple biogeogrpahic histories, Thus. while Iberian Península appears to be the ancestral areas for some groups of Arthropods, whereas showing a biogeographic 'derived' condition for others. Other insular areas, such as Sicily, also shows this incongruence, in their cladogram biogeographic "positíon" for alternative biogeographic inferences, We recognize that historical biogeography has not sUU reached a sufficient degree of scientific maturity, but consider that it will be do in the near future. We firmly reject that the results of modern biogeographic approaches, are merely untestable narrative hypothesis, based on a scientific dilettantism.

Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Proyecto: Patrones de Diversidad Geográfica en Insectos. Una aproximación a la Evaluación de Áreas Prioritarias de Conservación en España Central: PB97-1149-D.G.1.C.Y.T.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Filogenia, Vicarianza, Biogeografía histórica, Región Holártica, Dispersión, Artrópodos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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