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handle: 10261/16636
[ES] En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre el cribado de germoplasma de cebada por su tolerancia a la salinidad en las fases de emergencia (doscientos veintitrés cultivares) y adulta (cuatro cultivares. En primer lugar se analizaron diversos parámetros como posibles evaluadores de tolerancia a salinidad durante estas fases. De todos ellos, los que han mostrado una mayor coherencia y fiabilidad son el porcentaje relativo de emergencia (PRE) y la producción relativa de grano (PRG) para las fases de emergencia y adulta, respectivamente. Asimismo, de los parámetros medidos en la fase adulta, la PRG es el más sensible a la salinidad, la altura de la planta oscila, según cultivares, entre muy y poco sensible, y el resto (n° granos/espiga, n° espiguillas/espiga y longitud, de la espiga) son poco sensibles. En segundo lugar, de acuerdo con los PRE y las PRG obtenidos en cuatro cultivares, cabe deducir que la tolerancia a salinidad en la fase adulta es significativamente inferior (la mitad en términos de conductividad eléctrica del agua aplicada a la que ambos parámetros descienden un 50 %) a la obtenida en la fase de emergencia. Aun cuando este resultado no puede ser concluyente dadas las limitaciones de este trabajo, debe resaltarse que contradice el hecho, bastante extendido, de que la cebada es más sensible en la fase de emergencia. Finalmente, del cribado, por tolerancia a salinidad durante la fase de emergencia de doscientos veintitrés cultivares, el 6 % ha mostrado una tolerancia a salinidad de interés relevante para futuros programas de mejora de la cebada por este carácter. De las veinte variedades más importantes por su superficie cultivada, Albacete, Pallas, Mogador, Trait d’Union y Viva han resultado las más tolerantes a salinidad durante la emergencia (conductividades eléctricas umbral del agua aplicada iguales o superiores a 27 dS ml).
[EN] This work presents a study about the screening of barley germplasm for salt tolerance during the emergence and adult stages. First, several parameters were analyzed in order to establish their ability to evaluate barley salt tolerance during these stages. Relative emergence percentage (REP) and relative grain yield (RGY) were shown to be the most reliable parameters for the emergence and adult phases, respectively. Also, of those parameters measured in the adult stage, RGY was the most sensitive one to salinity, plant height varied, depending on cultivars, frorn high to low, and the others (number of grains/head, number of spikelets/head and head length) had 10w sensitivity. Secondly, based on the REP and RGY obtained in four cultivars, it can be concluded that barley salt tolerance at the adult stage is significantly lower (half in terms of applied water electrical conductivity at which both paraineters decrease by 50 %) than at the emergence stage. Although this result cannot be substantiated due to the limitations of this work, it should be emphasized that it is in disagreement with the generally accepted fact that barley is more sensitive at the emergence stage. Finally, out of the two hundred and twenty three cultivars screened for salt tolerance during the emergence phase, six percent can be considered of relevant interest for future barley salt tolerance breeding programs. Of the twenty most important barley varieties in terms of cropped acreage, Albacete, Pallas, Mogador, Trait d’Union and Viva were shown to be the most tolerant ones during the emergence stage (threshold electrical. conductivities of applied water equal to or above 27 dS m-1).
Tesis presentada y públicamente defendida en el IAMZ para la obtención del diploma de altos estudios del CIHEAM - Master of Science.
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