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Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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Diversidad de especies en las comunidades naturales

Authors: Margalef, Ramón;

Diversidad de especies en las comunidades naturales

Abstract

[ES] En el presente ensayo se comentarán distinto aspectos de un carácter de las poblaciones mixtas, de evidente importancia teórica y no menor interés práctico en el reconocimiento y sistematización de las comunidades. Este carácter es la variedad o riqueza de especies dentro de la comunidad y puede ser expresado cuantitativamente, eliminando así las apreciaciones subjetivas, con lo cual resulta apto para estudios comparativos. Expresado en forma de un “índice de diversidad”, sobre cuya obtención se propondrán métodos aproximados, este carácter permite abordar varios problemas biosociológicos: la cuestión del área mínima, la coordinación entre asociaciones y regiones bióticas, y ciertas características de los biotas explicables solamente desde el punto de vista histórico. Eos problemas que se mencionan en el párrafo anterior han sido especialmente discutidos en relación con comunidades de fanerógamas, a pesar de que conciernen por un igual a toda comunidad biótica, de manera que ejemplos y términos de expresión relativos a aquéllas acuden con más facilidad a la pluma. En la bibliografía se señalan diversas contribuciones anteriores, entre las que descuellan las de Williams y la de Preston. De estas y de otras indicadas he tomado numerosas sugerencias. En un trabajo precedente (Margalef, 1949) me había ocupado ya de aspectos de este mismo tema. Reflexiones posteriores me han mostrado el interés de seguir desarrollándolo y tratar de generalizar las aplicaciones de un “índice de diversidad” al estudio de las comunidades. Es innecesario añadir que se trata de un tema surgido recientemente, sobre el que es conveniente la discusión, bien para limitar definitivamente el empleo de aquellos índices, bien para desarrollar nuevos métodos. [...]

[EN] Biotic diversity, expressed by means of the diversity índex of Fisher, Corbet and Williams, or by some other similar device, is an important feature of natural communities and deserves growing interest. As a quantitative and objective expression, it may be used extensively in characterizing and classifying communities. It furnishes a connecting link between diverse phytosociological questions, such as mínimum area, floristic and vegetational relations and historical features of biota. Natural distributions, such as specimens in a collection or in a natural community, distributed in species, are ordinarily highly regular. A little nurnber of very abundant species is followed by increasing numbers of increasingly scarce ones. [...]

23 pages, 3 figures

Peer reviewed

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Spain
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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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