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handle: 10902/8846 , 10261/164964
[ES]: La epigenética se refiere al estudio de los cambios de la expresión génica heredables a través de la división celular que tienen lugar sin cambios en la secuencia de DNA. El epigenoma constituye el estado epigenético global de una célula. Los principales mecanismos epigenéticos incluyen las modificaciones de las histonas, la metilación del DNA y el remodelado de la cromatina. Estudios recientes están contribuyendo a descifrar el epigenoma humano y cómo éste está alterado en cáncer. Las alteraciones epigenéticas en cáncer tales como patrones alterados de modificaciones de histonas o silenciamiento de genes supresores de tumores por hipermetilación de sus promotores están frecuentemente relacionadas con mutaciones en genes que controlan el empaquetamiento del DNA dentro de la cromatina. La terapia epigenética incluye inhibidores de enzimas responsables de la metilación del DNA o de la deacetiilación de histonas, además de nuevos agentes dirigidos hacia modificadores epigenéticos. Este trabajo presenta los avances recientes sobre el epigenoma en las células normales, cómo las alteraciones en modificadores epigenéticos mutados frecuentemente promueven la tumorogénesis y cómo estas alteraciones están siendo utilizadas como dianas terapéuticas contra el cáncer.
[EN]: Epigenetics refers to the study of the changes in the gene expression which are inherited upon cell division without changes in the DNA sequence. The epigenome constitutes the global epigenetic state of a cell. The main epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. Recent studies are contributing to understand the human epigenome and how it is altered in cancer. Epigenetic abnormalities in cancer such as alteration in histone modification patterns or silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation are frequently related to mutations in genes that control the packaging of DNA in chromatin. Epigenetic therapy includes inhibitors of enzymes responsible of DNA methylation or histone deacetylation as well as new agents targeting epigenetic modifiers. This work presents the recent progress on the epigenome in normal cells, how alterations in frequently mutated epigenetic modifiers promote tumorigenesis and how these alterations are being used as targets for cancer therapy.
Grado en Medicina.
Peer Reviewed
DNA methylation, Metilación del DNA, Terapia epigenética, Epigenetic therapy, Histone modifications, Epigenetics, Epigenética, Cáncer, Modificaciones de histonas
DNA methylation, Metilación del DNA, Terapia epigenética, Epigenetic therapy, Histone modifications, Epigenetics, Epigenética, Cáncer, Modificaciones de histonas
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