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Higiene mental y educación terapéutica : la pedagogía ortofrénica en la España del primer tercio del siglo XX

Authors: Cura, Mercedes del; Huertas, Rafael;

Higiene mental y educación terapéutica : la pedagogía ortofrénica en la España del primer tercio del siglo XX

Abstract

[EN] The development of the so-called «feeble-minded childhood» wasone of the immediate consequences of obligatory education. The fact that some childhad difficulties in accepting educational rules or getting adapted to them lead to theirmedicalization and to set off an assistive technology that, under different titles likemedico-pedagogy, therapeutic education, orthophrenic pedagogy, delineated a fieldof action shared by physicians and pedagogues. The pa per will analyze the impor-tance and success of this orthophrenic pedagogy within the framework of the Spa-nish science, society and culture during the first decades of theXXthcentury. Authorswill draw special attention not only to discourses held by experts in order to justifytheir intervention but also to professional interests and scientific practices carriedout by them.

[ES] La construcción de la llamada «infancia anormal» fue una de las consecuencias inmediatas de la escolarización obligatoria. Las dificultades de algunos niños para aceptar o adaptarse a la norma escolar dieron pie a su medicalización y a la puesta en marcha de una tecnología asistencial que, con diversas denominaciones -pedagogía médica, educación terapéutica, pedagogía ortofrénica, etc.-, definió un campo de actuación compartido por médicos y pedagogos. En el presente trabajo se analiza la significación y alcance de dicha pedagogía ortofrénica en el contexto de la ciencia, la sociedad y la cultura españolas de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, prestando especial atención a los discursos teóricos y legitimadores de los expertos, pero también a las prácticas científicas y a los intereses profesionales de los mismos.

Trabajo realizado en el marco de los Proyectos de Investigación HUM2006-12278-C03-01 (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia); HAR2008-04899-C02-01/HIST (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología); PAI08-0252-9296 (Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha); CGS2006_E/04 (Ayuda a Grupos Emergentes de la Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria en Castilla-LaMancha); S2007/HUM-0512 (Programa de Actividades I+D de la Comunidad de Madrid).

Este artículo está sujeto a una licencia CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Higiene mental, Feeble-minded childhood, educación especial, s. XX, España, Educación especial, Infancia anormal, pedagogía especial, salud mental, XXth century, Special education, Spain, Mental health, Siglo XX, integración escolar

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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