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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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Estudio estructural y funcional de malonil-CoA descarboxilasa humana, un enzima peroxisomal clave en la regulación de malonil-CoA y ácidos grasos

Authors: Aparicio Alarcón, David;

Estudio estructural y funcional de malonil-CoA descarboxilasa humana, un enzima peroxisomal clave en la regulación de malonil-CoA y ácidos grasos

Abstract

Malonil-CoA Descarboxilasa humana (MCD) es un enzima que tiene un papel muy importante en la oxidación de ácidos grasos. Presenta dos isoformas y debido a sus características puede residir en diferentes compartimentos celulares, como el peroxisoma, citoplasma o mitocondria. En los tres compartimentos MCD está implicada de alguna forma en la vía metabólica de los ácidos grasos. En peroxisoma, MCD descarboxila el malonil-CoA procedente de la beta oxidación de ácidos grasos. En citoplasma, MCD actúa junto a Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa, el enzima que sintetiza el malonil-CoA. Ambos se encargan de controlar la concentración del malonil-CoA citoplasmático, imprescindible para la síntesis de ácidos grasos en células lipogénicas y también inhibidor de la Carnitina Aciltransferasa 1 (CPT1), el enzima que inicia el transporte de los ácidos grasos a la mitocondria para la beta oxidación. Finalmente, MCD en mitocondria convierte el malonil-CoA (utilizado para la síntesis de ácidos grasos) en acetil-CoA. La estructura cristalina de MCD resuelta a 3.29Å presenta una disposición oligomérica basada en un dímero de heterodímeros. Los monómeros que componen a los heterodímeros exhiben una fuerte asimetría estructural sugiriendo reactividad “half-of-the-sites”. Cada monómero está constituido por un dominio N-Terminal todo hélice y un dominio catalítico C-Terminal con plegamiento típico de la família GCN5 Histona acetiltransferasa (GNAT). Sin embargo, el lugar de unión de malonil-CoA en MCD, presenta una variación con respecto a sus homólogos. El cambio de un residuo glutámico (Glu302) por una glicina en el centro del motivo de unión que facilita la liberación del sustrato actuando como palanca molecular. Cada heterodímero del tetrámero presenta una interfase de contacto hidrofóbica además de la posibilidad de formar un enlace disulfuro entre subunidades. Los heterodímeros están unidos entre sí por una pequeña superficie de contacto del dominio C-Terminal donde se exponen parejas de cisteínas, lo que hace de MCD una estructura tetramérica unida por superficies hidrofóbicas y con la posibilidad de unirse covalentemente mediante los puentes disulfuro en presencia de oxidantes como el peróxido de hidrógeno.

Human Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase (MCD) plays an important role in fatty acids oxidation. There are two different isoforms and due to their characteristics is distributed in different cellular compartments such as peroxisome, cytoplasm and mitochondria. MCD is involved in the metabolic fatty acid pathway of all these compartments. In peroxisome, malonyl-CoA from fatty acid beta oxidation is decarboxylated by MCD. In cytoplasm, MCD acts with Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, the enzyme that synthesizes malonyl-CoA. Both enzymes are responsible for controlling the intracellular concentration of malonyl-CoA, a key molecule for fatty acid synthesis in lipogenic cells and also a inhibitor of Carnitine acyltransferase 1 (CPT1), the enzyme that initiates fatty acid transport into mitochondria for beta oxidation. Finally, mitochondrial MCD converts malonyl-CoA (the substrate for fatty acids synthesis) into acetyl-CoA. The crystal structure of MCD solved at 3.29 Å shows a tetrameric state based on a dimer of heterodimers with a strong structural asymmetry between the monomers conformation forming the heterodimer, suggesting half of the sites reactivity. Each monomer is composed of an all-helical N-Terminal domain and a very precise catalytic C-Terminal domain present in GCN5-Histone acetyltransferase (GNAT) family. However, the binding site for malonyl-CoA in MCD shows a variation with respect to their homologous. The center of the binding motif has a glutamic residue (Glu302) instead of a glycine acting as a molecular lever in the substrate releasing. In addition, each heterodimer composing the tetramer exhibits a large hydrophobic interface with the possibility to form a inter subunit disulfide bridge. Heterodimers are also interconnected by a small C-Terminal domain interface, where a pair of cysteines are properly disposed. The disulfide bonds gives to MCD the capability to form a tetrameric enzyme linked by inter subunits covalent bonds in the presence of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Ciències Experimentals, 577, Malonil-CoA descarboxilasa, Ácidos grasos, Malonil-CoA

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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