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Oilseeds and fats, crops and lipids
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Oilseeds and fats, crops and lipids
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Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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Research on resistance to sunflower broomrape: an integrated vision

Authors: Velasco Varo, Leonardo; Pérez-Vich, Begoña; Fernández Martínez, José María;

Research on resistance to sunflower broomrape: an integrated vision

Abstract

[FR] Le parasitisme de l’orobanche du tournesol (Orobanche cumana Wallr) a été observé à la fin du 19e siècle et a continué depuis lors, mettant en péril la culture du tournesol dans de nombreuses régions d’Europe et d’Asie. Une caractéristique spécifique de l’interaction O.cumana-Tournesol est qu’elle est principalement régie par une interaction gène pour gène. Elle détermine une résistance totale de l’hôte contrôlée par des allèles dominants à un seul locus, ce qui facilite la gestion de la résistance pour la production de semences hybrides. Mais d’un autre côté, l’avirulence du parasite est également contrôlée par les allèles dominants d’un seul gène. Monogénique et dominante, la résistance exerce une forte pression de sélection sur le parasite qui maximise la probabilité de surmonter les mécanismes de résistance dans un court laps de temps. Cela a en fait abouti à un certain nombre de races physiologiques d’orobanche qui contournent régulièrement toutes les sources de résistance disponibles. La propagation des populations en de nouveaux lieux et l’hybridation ultérieure entre populations est un autre mécanisme qui favorise la diversité génétique de l’orobanche du tournesol et la prétendue recombinaison des gènes d’avirulences. Après plus d’un siècle de coexistence, la résistance génétique à l’orobanche chez le tournesol doit être envisagée via une approche intégrée qui tient compte non seulement de la caractérisation des mécanismes de résistance chez l’hôte, mais aussi des bases génétiques et physiologiques de l’avirulence du parasite. Du point de vue de la résistance génétique du tournesol, le plus important est de ne pas seulement considérer les gènes dominants simples, mais davantage des stratégies pyramidales. Celles-ci devraient laisser la priorité à la combinaison de mécanismes complémentaires de résistance, via un contrôle génétique à la fois qualitatif (vertical) et quantitatif (horizontal). Ces aspects sont abordés dans cet article.

[EN] Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) parasitization on sunflower was first observed at the end of the 19th century and has continued since then jeopardizing sunflower cultivation in many areas of Europe and Asia. A distinctive characteristic of the O. cumana-sunflower parasitic system is that it is mainly governed by a gene-for-gene interaction. This determines complete resistance in the host controlled by dominant alleles at a single locus, which facilitates the management of the resistance for hybrid seed production. But on the other hand avirulence in the parasite is also controlled by dominant alleles at a single gene. Monogenic, dominant resistance exerts a strong selection pressure on the parasite that maximizes the probability of overcoming resistance mechanisms in a short period of time. This has in fact resulted in a number of physiological races that periodically surpass all the available resistance sources. The spread of populations to new areas and the subsequent hybridization between populations is another mechanism creating genetic diversity in sunflower broomrape and allegedly recombination of avirulences genes. After more than one century of coexistence, genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower has to be focused under an integrated approach that considers not only the characterization of resistance mechanisms in the host, but also the genetic and physiological bases of avirulence in the parasite. From the perspective of genetic resistance in sunflower, most important is not relying only on single dominant genes, but following instead pyramiding strategies. These should give priority to combining complementary mechanisms of resistance under both qualitative (vertical) and quantitative (horizontal) genetic control. These aspects are discussed in the paper.

Authors’ research on sunflower broomrape is being supported by research project AGL2014-53886-P funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Union FEDER funds.

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Country
Spain
Keywords

Résistance génétique, sunflower, Oils, fats, and waxes, genetic resistance, Orobanche, broomrape, Avirulence genes, Broomrape, Sunflower, Tournesol, Genetic resistance, TP670-699, Orobanche cumana, Gènes d’avirulence

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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