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Identificación y cuantificación de isómeros posicionales del ácido palmitoleico (16:1n-7) en muestras biológicas por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas

Authors: Francia Yanguas, Ramón;

Identificación y cuantificación de isómeros posicionales del ácido palmitoleico (16:1n-7) en muestras biológicas por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas

Abstract

[ES]: El ácido cis-9-hexadecenoico o ácido palmitoleico es un ácido graso que se encuentra con frecuencia esterificado en lípidos neutros y fosfolípidos de un gran número de células eucarióticas. Este ácido graso ha recibido mucho interés recientemente debido a sus propiedades bioactivas, que parecen ir mucho más allá de su mera participación en la formación de biomembrana. Se ha sugerido recientemente que el ácido palmitoleico podría funcionar como una hormona que, secretada por el adipocito (adipoquina) regularía el metabolismo hepático de los lípidos. Sin embargo el mecanismo molecular por el que esto sucedería dista mucho de ser conocido. Una de los mayores interrogantes que se plantea es establecer cuál es la forma activa del ácido palmitoleico que da cuenta de su actividad biológica (el ácido graso libre, un éster, un tioéster, una amida, etc). El ácido palmitoleico posee varios isómeros posicionales, tales como el 16:1n-10, o el 16:1n-9. En general se desconoce cuál es la distribución y cantidad relativa de cada uno de estos isómeros en células y tejidos, lo que es debido fundamentalmente a que la mayoría de técnicas cromatográficas empleadas para la separación de lípidos no es capaz de resolver estos isómeros. La existencia de isómeros de ácido palmitoleico en células y tejidos lleva a plantearse la posibilidad de que parte de la actividad biológica atribuida a dicho ácido graso pueda residir, al menos en parte, en alguno de sus isómeros. Responder a esta cuestión requiere establecer un método de análisis que permita la identificación y cuantificación de cada uno de estos isómeros en muestras biológicas. Utilizando GC/MS, trabajos previos del grupo receptor consiguen desdoblar el pico de ácido palmitoleico en dos picos en la mayoría de muestras biológicas ensayadas cuando se analizan ésteres metílicos, indicando la presencia de, al menos, dos isómeros de este ácido graso. Sin embargo su identidad molecular no se puede establecer a priori ya que cada uno de esos dos picos obtenidos podría contener más de un isómero y no todos los isómeros están en todas las muestras. Se hace pues necesario recurrir a un análisis estructural mediante análisis de dimetiloxazolinas (DMOX) derivados de los ácido grasos.

[EN]: Palmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 16:1n-7) is a fatty acid frequently found esterified in neutral lipids and phospholipids of a large number of eukaryotic cells. This fatty acid has recently received much interest due to their bioactive properties, which seem to go far beyond its mere participation in the formation of biomembranes. It has been suggested recently that palmitoleic acid may function as a hormone that, secreted by the Adipocyte (adipocitokine) regulate the hepatic metabolism of lipids. However the molecular mechanism by which this would happen is far from being known. One of the biggest questions that arise is to establish the active form of palmitoleic acid which gives account of its biological activity (free fatty acid, ester, a thioester, an amide, etc) Palmitoleic acid possesses several positional isomers, such as 16:1n – 10 or 16:1n - 9. In general, the distribution and relative amount of each isomer in cells and tissues is unclear, mainly due to most chromatographic techniques used for lipid separation are not able to resolve. The existence of isomers of palmitoleic acid in cells and tissues leads to consider that part of the biological activity attributed to the fatty acid can reside, at least in part in one of its isomersTo answer this question, a method of analysis that allows the identification and quantification of these isomers in biological samples is required. Using GC/MS, previous works of the receiver group were able to separate the peak of palmitoleic acid in two peaks in the majority of biological samples measured as methyl esters, indicating the presence of at least two isomers of this fatty acid. However its molecular identity cannot be established a priori since each of those two peaks obtained may contain more than one isomer and not all isomers are in all samples. Thus, a structural analysis using dimethyloxazolines (DMOX) derivatives from fatty acid is necessary to unambiguously determine all palmitoleic acid isomers.

Trabajo Fin de Grado: Grado en Química

Peer Reviewed

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Ácido palmitoleico, Ácido sapiénico

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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