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Estudio de carbones obtenidos de distintas materias primas como catalizadores en síntesis de solketal

Authors: Fernández Palacio, Pablo;

Estudio de carbones obtenidos de distintas materias primas como catalizadores en síntesis de solketal

Abstract

[ES]: En la química actual, destacan líneas de investigación que centran su interés en el desarrollo tanto, de productos, como de materiales o procesos que cumplan con los principios de la Química Sostenible. Uno de los campos más estudiados es el desarrollo de los biocombustibles, siendo el biodiesel, uno de los compuestos más prometedores. El biodiesel es obtenido por transesterificación de aceites vegetales, dando como subproducto glicerol en altas cantidades. El glicerol, y sus derivados han despertado gran interés y en especial su uso como disolvente es uno de los campos con mayor proyección. El solketal es probablemente uno de los derivados con mayor potencial como disolvente junto con algunos éteres y ésteres derivados de glicerol. El solketal, (2,2-dimetil-1,3 dioxolano-4-metanol), es un cetal producido por reacción de condensación de glicerol con acetona utilizando catálisis ácida. Para la síntesis de solketal tradicionalmente se han utilizado diferentes catalizadores ácidos comerciales. En el presente trabajo Fin de Grado se ha estudiado la síntesis de nuevos catalizadores preparados a partir de materias primas renovables procedentes de la biomasa como la lignina y la celulosa con el objetivo de sustituir a los catalizadores comerciales de origen no renovable o carbones obtenidos a partir de glucosa. Se han estudiado y descrito diferentes métodos de preparación de estos catalizadores, se han caracterizado y probado todos ellos para la reacción de síntesis de solketal, con el objetivo de determinar la actividad catalítica de los mismos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran como la utilización de biomasa puede generar carbones que actúan como catalizadores con alta eficiencia catalítica y recuperable en varios ciclos de reacción.

[EN]: Nowadays chemistry is strongly focused on the development of products, as well as materials and processes, compliant with the principles of Green Chemistry. In this regard, one of the most investigated fields is that of biofuels, among which the biodiesel appears to be one of the most promising. The biodiesel is obtained by transesterification of vegetal oils, from which it is possible to produce high quantities of glycerol. Glycerol and its derivatives raised great interest and their possible applications have already been studied in many different fields; in particular, among the glycerol derivatives, solketal appears to be interesting as green solvent. Solketal, (2,2- dimethyl-1,3 dioxolan-4-methanol) is a cetal resulting from condensation of the glycerol with acetone, using acid catalysis. Traditionally, different commercial acid catalysts have been used for solketal synthesis. The present Final Graduation Work focused in the synthesis of new solids obtained from renewable sources, as lignin or cellulose, and their use as acid catalysts for the synthesis of solketal in order to substitute commercial catalysts or carbons comming from glucose. Several synthetic procedures have been described hereby, in order to obtain these kind of solids; all these catalysts have been characterised and tested in the solketal's synthesis reaction, for the purpose of determining the catalytic activity of the relevant materials. The results obtained show how the use of biomass may generate recyclable materials with high catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of solketal, which may be used to substitute the commercial catalysts.

Graduado en Química: Trabajo Fin de Grado.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green