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Temporal dynamics of hemogregarine infection in two sympatriclizard host-parasite systems

Authors: Maia, Joao P. M. C.; Gómez-Díaz, Elena; Harris, David James;

Temporal dynamics of hemogregarine infection in two sympatriclizard host-parasite systems

Abstract

[ES] Espécies de hospedeiro relacionadas e simpátricas representam sistemas modelo naturais para investigar diferenças nos parâmetros de infeção entre hospedeiros. Estes sistemas têm a vantagem de possibilitar o controlo de fatores perturbadores, como a ecologia e história evolutiva dos hospedeiros. Isto é particularmente importante no estudo de padrões de infeção dos parasitas, sendo que estes variam com o tempo devido às diferentes pressões ambientais sobre os seus hospedeiros, especialmente em doenças transmitidas por vetores com ciclos de vida complexos. Usando uma abordagem de PCR Quantitativo (qPCR) investigamos a dinâmica temporal e a influência de várias características do hospedeiro na prevalência e intensidade das hemogregarinas em dois sistemas distintos de parasita-hospedeiro. Um composto por duas espécies relacionadas de Podarcis (Moledo, Portugal), e outro por uma espécie de osga e duas relacionadas de lacertídeos (Oukaimeden, Marrocos), que representam diferentes nichos e micro-habitats no mesmo habitat. Os resultados mostram que em Moledo, Podarcis hispanica teve níveis de intensidade mais altos comparada com Podarcis bocagei, tendo sido constante ao longo dos pontos temporais. Para P. bocagei, a prevalência em machos foi significativamente maior na Primavera (período de reprodução) comparada com Outono para um único ano do período de três anos analisado. Em Oukaimeden, a prevalência e intensidade foram significativamente mais baixas em osgas comparado com as duas espécies de lacertídeos para todos os pontos temporais, com um padrão consistente entre anos. Adicionalmente, Podarcis vaucheri teve níveis significativamente mais altos de prevalência e intensidade do que Atlantolacerta andreanskyi ao longo do tempo. Estas diferenças nos padrões de infeção pode estar associado às diferenças encontradas nos haplótipos do gene 18S rRNA do para sita destas espécies de hospedeiro, contudo este tema requer investigação futura. Relativamente ao impacto das características dos hospedeiros nos parâmetros de infeção, encontramos uma relação positiva entre tamanho corporal e cauda regenerada e prevalência de hemogregarinas, mas não com intensidade de infeção. Estes resultados demonstram diferenças nos padrões de infeção das hemogregarinas entre espécies de hospedeiro relacionadas e não-relacionadas, e variação espacial e temporal, o que pode estar associado a características únicas dos hospedeiros e às suas preferências micro- ecológicas.

[EN] Sympatric and closely related host species represent natural model systems to investigate between-host differences in infection parameters. These systems are advantageous because confounding factors, such as host ecology and evolutionary history, can be controlled. This is particularly important in studying parasite infection patterns, which can vary markedly over time as a result of different environmental pressures on their hosts, especially in vector-borne diseases with complex lifecycles. Using a sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach we investigated the temporal dynamics and the influence of various host traits in patterns of hemogregarine prevalence and intensity of infection in two distinct sympatric lizard systems. One is composed of two closely related Podarcis species (Moledo, Portugal), and the other of one gecko species and two related lacertid species (Oukaimeden, Morocco), which represent different microhabitat niches within the same habitat. Results showed that in Moledo, Podarcis hispanica had higher intensity levels than Podarcis bocagei and this was consistent throughout all time points. For P. bocagei, males showed significantly higher prevalence in Spring (during their mating period) compared to Autumn for a single year of the three year period analyzed. In Oukaimeden, geckos had significantly lower prevalence and intensity levels compared to the two lacertid species for all time points, with a consistent pattern between years. Additionally, Podarcis vaucheri had significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infection than Atlantolacerta andreanskyi through time. These differences in infection patterns between these two lacertid host species could be associated with different 18S rRNA gene haplotypes found in these host species, although further research is needed to verify this. Regarding the impact of host traits on infection parameters, we found a positive relationship between body size and regenerated tail condition with hemogregarine prevalence, but not with intensity of infection. Our findings show differences in hemogregarine infection between related and unrelated host species and spatial and temporal variation in these patterns, which may be associated with unique host traits and micro-ecological preferences.

Trabajo presentado en el XIV Congreso Luso-Español de Herpetología (CLEH2016), XVIII Congreso Español de Herpetología (Challenges of Herpetology in the XXI century), celebrado en Lleida del 5 al 8 de octubre de 2016.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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