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Selection and technological properties of Lactobacillus plantarum malolactic starters able to release wine odorant aglycones from grape glycosidic aroma precursors

Authors: Bruno Testa; IORIZZO, Massimo; LOMBARDI, Silvia Jane; Almudena García Ruiz; Carolina Muñoz González; Begoña Bartolomé; M. Victoria Moreno Arribas;

Selection and technological properties of Lactobacillus plantarum malolactic starters able to release wine odorant aglycones from grape glycosidic aroma precursors

Abstract

[ES]: La fermentación maloláctica (FML) juega un papel importante en la producción del vino y tiene amplias consecuencias sobre su calidad. La especie Lactobacillus plantarum tiene mecanismos de resistencia que le permiten sobrevivir y proliferar en el vino, y, por tanto, en la actualidad también se incluye en el desarrollo de cultivos iniciadores de la FML. Sin embargo, todavía hay pocas cepas de L. plantarum disponibles comercialmente como cultivos iniciadores de la FML, y muy pocos de ellas se seleccion por su capacidad de hidrolizar los glucósidos de la uva en compuestos odorantes relevantes para el aroma y sabor del vino. Este trabajo se centró en la caracterización tecnológica y funcional de 11 cepas de L. plantarum aisladas de vinos del sur de Italia que se someten a una fermentación maloláctica espontánea. Estas cepas se caracterizaron de acuerdo con sus características enológicas, incluyendo el crecimiento y actividad fermentativa en vino sintético a diferentes valores de pH (3.5, 3.2 y 3.0) y contenido en etanol (10, 11 y 13% v / v), y el rendimiento en la degradación del ácido málico. Además, se examinó la producción de bacteriocinas y aminas biogénas y la respuesta a la presencia de compuestos fenólicos (malvidin 3,5-diglucósido). Por otra parte, también se investigó la producción de actividades enzimáticas que juegan un papel en la producción de vino, incluyendo la capacidad de las cepas de L.plantarum para producir agliconas odorantes a partir de precursores glicosídicos del aroma presentes en la uva, para lo que se empleó un extracto natural de precursores del aroma obtenido a partir de uvas blancas. Finalmente, la actividad maloláctica de una cepa de L. plantarum seleccionada, se evaluó en vinos de Cabernet Sauvignon, utilizando dos métodos de inoculación: co-inoculación con levaduras e inoculación secuencial al final de la fermentación alcohólica. Ninguna de las 11 cepas de L. plantarum fueron productoras de aminas biógenas, como se ha confirmado mediante RP-HPLC. En particular, la cepa L. plantarum M10 mostró una buena resistencia a los altos niveles de etanol y bajo pH, y una buena capacidad y rendimiento en la fermentación maloláctica, así como una buena actividad β-glucosidasa, ésta última demostrada tanto directamente a través de la medida de la actividad enzimática, como indirectamente tras la liberación de agliconas volátiles a partir de un extracto de precursores glicósidos obtenido a partir de uva blanca. L. plantarum M10 fue capaz de generar agliconas pertenecientes a diferentes familias químicas (terpenos, derivados bencénicos y C6-alcoholes), pero lo que es más interesante, es que además dio lugar a cantidades considerables de compuestos odorantes, especialmente terpenos volátiles como limoneno y linalool, que se caracterizan por presentar bajos umbrales de percepción y propiedades sensoriales muy interesantes, responsables de la generación de notas frutales y florales en los vinos. Esta cepa se podría utilizar como un nuevo iniciador maloláctico, sobre todo para vinos con elevado contenido en etanol, para su uso en co-inoculación con levaduras o después del final de la fermentación alcohólica, mejorando el sabor del vino por la liberación de diferentes tipos de componentes del aroma con impacto en la calidad sensorial del vino.

[EN]: Malolactic fermentation (MLF) plays an important role in wine production and has great impact on its final quality. Lactobacillus plantarum strains have resistance mechanisms that enable them to survive and proliferate in wine, and therefore have been considered in the development of MLF starter cultures. However, currently, there are a few L. plantarum strains commercially available as MLF starter cultures, and very few of them are selected by its ability to hydrolyse grape glycosides into odorant compounds relevant to wine aroma and flavour. This work focused on the technological and functional characterization of 11 L. plantarum strains isolated from Southern Italian wines that undergo spontaneous malolactic fermentation. These strains were characterized according to their oenological key characteristics, including growth and their fermentation capabilities in synthetic wine at different pH (3.5, 3.2 and 3.0) and ethanol content (10, 11 and 13% v/v), and their malic acid degradation performance in synthetic wine. Also, the production of bacteriocins and biogenic amines and the response to the presence of phenolic compounds (malvidin 3,5-diglucoside) was examined. Furthermore, the production of enzymatic activities that play a role in wine production, including the ability of L.plantarum strains to release wine odorant aglycones from odourless grape glycosidic aroma precursors was investigated using a natural precursor extract obtained from white grapes. Finally, the malolactic activity of one selected strain was assessed in Cabernet Sauvignon wine, using two inoculation methods: co-inoculation with yeast and sequential inoculum at the end of alcoholic fermentation. None of the 11 L. plantarum strains tested were producers of biogenic amines, as confirmed by RP-HPLC analysis. In particular, the L. plantarum M10 strain showed a good resistance to high levels of ethanol and low pH, it has a good malolactic performance and β-glucosidase activity, this last one demonstrated both directly through the measurement of this enzymatic activity and indirectly by following the release of volatile aglycones from commercial and natural grape glycosidic odourless precursors. L. plantarum M10 was able to generate odorant aglycones belonging to different chemical families (terpenes, benzenic derivatives and C6-alcohols), but what it is more interesting was that this strain released the considerable amounts of important odorant compounds with low odour thresholds and flowery-citric aroma nuances in wines such as the terpenes limonene and linalool, among others, suggesting that it could be responsible for the generation of floral and flowery notes from grape glycosides. This strain could be used as a new MLF starter culture, especially for high-ethanol wines, for co-inoculation with yeast or after the end of alcoholic fermentation, enhancing the wine flavour by releasing different types of wine odorants.

Resumen del póster presentado al 39th World Vine and Wine Congress: "Vitiviniculture: Technological advances to market challenges", celebrado del 24 al 28 de octubre de 2016 en Bento Gonçalves (Brazil).

Authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PRI-PIBAR-2011-1358 and AGL2015-64522-C2-R Projects) and Molise Region (Rural Development Programme 2007–2013).

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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