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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2015
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Sobre el papel del sistema SOS, la recombinación y el intercambio horizontal de genes en la evolución bacteriana

Authors: Rodríguez Beltrán, Jerónimo;

Sobre el papel del sistema SOS, la recombinación y el intercambio horizontal de genes en la evolución bacteriana

Abstract

El principal objetivo de esta tesis ha sido cuantificar y ampliar el conocimiento sobre los diferentes sistemas evolutivos implicados en el control de la tasa adaptativa en los seres vivos, usando para ello la bacteria modelo E. coli. La mutación, la recombinación y la transferencia horizontal de genes son los mecanismos más prominentes de la evolución bacteriana y todos ellos han sido abordados desde diferentes aproximaciones. En la primera parte de la tesis, se valoró el efecto en el incremento de la mutagénesis que producen ciertos tratamientos antibióticos y si este aumento es dependiente de la presencia de RecA, el activador del sistema SOS. Los resultados sugieren que, al menos ocho antibióticos de los trece ensayados, resultan mutagénicos, en la mayoría de los casos por un mecanismo RecA dependiente. Después se presentan los resultados relacionados con la caracterización funcional de dinF, un gen SOS que probablemente codifica una bomba de expulsión de agentes tóxicos. Se demuestró que su sobreexpresión es capaz de mitigar el estrés oxidativo celular, proteger frente a sales biliares e incluso reducir la tasa de mutación en un mutante mutT. En la tercera sección, se cuantificó la frecuencia de recombinación en una colección de cepas naturales, mediante el uso de una herramienta plasmídica construida ad hoc. Los resultados sugieren que la tasa de recombinación es muy diversa y dinámica en E. coli y que las cepas patógenas son más propensas a la recombinación que sus congéneres comensales. En la última parte, se describe un mecanismo de transferencia horizontal de genes mediado por sepiolita, un material arcilloso presente en el pienso animal. Se discuten, además, las potenciales implicaciones con respecto a la diseminación de resistencia a antibióticos y genes de virulencia en el ganado

The main objective of this dissertation was to quantify and enlarge the knowledge about the evolutionary systems that control the adaptive rate in all living beings, using the model bacterium E. coli. In this work, we have tackled in different ways the most recognized mechanisms of bacterial evolution, namely mutation, recombination and horizontal gene transfer, In the first part of the dissertation, the increase on mutagenesis that certain antibiotic treatments produce was quantified, assessing whether this increase is dependent on RecA (the SOS response activator). Our results demonstrate that at least eight out of the thirteen antibiotics tested are mutagenic, the most part by a RecA dependent mechanism. Subsequently, the results concerning the characterization of dinF, an SOS gene that probably codes for a toxic compound efflux pump, are presented. We have demonstrated that its overexpression reduces the intracellular oxidative stress levels, protects against bile salts and is able to reduce the mutation rate of a mutT deficient strain. In the third part, the extent of recombination in natural populations of E. coli, using a plasmidic genetic tool built ad hoc was assessed. Our results suggest that recombination can be very diverse and dynamic in the species. Furthermore, pathogenic strains show greater recombinational potential than their commensal counterparts, suggesting a link between virulence and recombination. In the last section, a new horizontal gene transfer mechanism mediated by Sepiolite, a clay material commonly used in animal feed is described. We discuss the potential implications that this transfer could represent in terms of the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes

Gran parte del trabajo aquí presentado ha sido financiado gracias a los proyectos “Optobacteria: Multianalite automatic system for the detection of drug resistant bacteria” FP7 286998 y (2014) 968889 y REIPI RD12/0015/0012, concedidos al director de esta tesis, el Prof. Jesús Blázquez

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 06-11-2015

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Spain
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Keywords

Escherichia coli - Tesis doctorales, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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