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Análisis del sesgo de selección en el piloto de un estudio longitudinal sobre envejecimiento en España

Authors: Rodríguez Laso, Ángel; Urdaneta Artola, Elena; Fuente Sánchez, Miguel de la; Galindo Moreno, Eva; Yanguas Lezáun, José Javier; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente;

Análisis del sesgo de selección en el piloto de un estudio longitudinal sobre envejecimiento en España

Abstract

Objetivos: Demostrar que la obtención de una muestra nacional probabilística para un estudio longitudinal sobre envejecimiento en España está expuesta a sesgos de selección. Cuantificar las pérdidas que se producen al administrar el cuestionario en distintas fases. Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre población española no institucionalizada de 50 años o más de edad realizado entre 2010 y 2011. Por medio de regresiones logísticas multivariadas se comparan características de las secciones censales de residencia de los que acceden (n = 5813) o no (n = 7023) a formar parte del marco muestral, de los que acceden (n = 1677) o no (n = 2875) a participar en el estudio, y de los individuos que contestan (n = 1398) o no (n = 346) a un cuestionario presencial posterior a uno telefónico. Además, se estudian los motivos de las negativas. Resultados: La mala salud y la discapacidad son los motivos específicos más referidos para no formar parte del marco o no participar en el estudio (14,4% y 27,9%, respectivamente). En ambos casos, la negativa es más frecuente en las secciones censales de menor nivel socioeconómico o ubicadas en Cataluña, Guipúzcoa o Vizcaya. Los individuos mayores de 80 años responden con menos frecuencia al cuestionario presencial. En cada fase de recogida de información se pierde entre un 8,6% y un 18,4% de efectivos. Conclusiones: Un muestreo probabilístico en puntos de muestreo elegidos por conveniencia permitiría dedicar más recursos a aumentar las tasas de respuesta en los colectivos menos participativos. Se propone la concentración de las preguntas en un solo cuestionario más breve previo a la extracción de sangre.

Keywords

Selection bias, Aging, Estudios transversales, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Envejecimiento, Censuses, Negativa a participar, Cross-sectional studies, Sesgo de selección, Refusal to participate, Censos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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