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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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Docta Complutense
Doctoral thesis . 2016
Data sources: Docta Complutense
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Estudio e interés biotecnológico de una esterasa versátil producida por un hongo del azulado de la madera

Authors: Barba Cedillo, Víctor;

Estudio e interés biotecnológico de una esterasa versátil producida por un hongo del azulado de la madera

Abstract

The kinetic characterization of the recombinant protein showed an improved enzyme with higher apparent catalytic efficiency than the native enzyme (~8‐fold) for all the substrates assayed (p‐nitrophenol, glycerol and cholesterol esters). Neither the greatest level of N‐glycosylation nor the presence of oxidized methionine residues in the substrate‐binding region of OPE* seem to be responsible of this improvement. Circular dichroism studies showed changes in their spectra but data analysis (K2d method from DichroWeb) resulted in an identical content of ‐helix (0.46) and ‐sheet (0.23) for both proteins, so no changes in their secondary structure were revealed. The main difference was found in the N‐terminal sequence of OPE* which contained 6‐8 more residues than OPE. These were derived from the vector used for the protein expression coupled with an inefficient processing of the ‐mating factor pre‐propeptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae used for secretion. This affect the aggregation state detected in OPE* (lower than the reported in OPE) improving its catalytic efficiency. New biotechnological applications for this enzyme have been studied since: i) it is able to deacetylate polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), one of the compounds identified in the stickies formed during recycled paper production, what has been confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry analysis and titrimetry. The achieved results under the assayed conditions were comparable to those gotten with the specifically commercialized for this aim Optizyme® 530. ii) It synthesizes esters in organic media and has been used in the synthesis of phytosterol esters, as nutraceutical products. In this case, the influence of substrate and enzyme concentration and the effect of different organic solvents with and without water in the reactions have been studied. The results showed that enzymes from O. piceae seem to have similar synthetic activity, even better under some conditions, to the commercial enzyme from C. rugosa used; getting an overall production of steryl esters of 60‐80% within 24 hours depending on the molar excess of substrate, fact that has been patented. In relation with its potential industrial application, the native enzyme has been successfully immobilized through activated epoxy groups in the new Dilbeads™ carrier. The immobilized biocatalyst showed significant better stabilities at high pH and temperatures values than soluble enzyme and was able to hydrolyze cholesteryl oleate throughout several days when was packed as a bioreactor. Finally, different crystallization experiments have been done with native enzyme. However, its high aggregation behaviour did not allow obtaining good quality crystals for X‐ ray diffraction.

[ES] Las lipasas y esterasas son biocatalizadores versátiles y el tipo más utilizado de enzimas para fines biotecnológicos. El hongo Ophiostoma piceae produce un esterol esterasa (OPE) con alta afinidad sobre triglicéridos y ésteres de esterol siendo capaz de hidrolizar eficazmente mezclas naturales de estos compuestos a partir de extractos de madera. Debido a estas propiedades, se ha propuesto el uso de esta enzima para disminuir el problema de la deposición de pitch en la fabricación de pasta de madera procedente de coníferas y frondosas. La secuencia de la proteína madura de la OPE se ha expresado con éxito en cepas Mut+ y Muts de Pichia pastoris, que difieren en su capacidad de metabolizar metanol como inductor de la expresión, dando como resultado niveles más altos de actividad que los obtenidos en cultivos en Erlenmeyer de O. piceae. Además, la producción de la enzima recombinante (OPE*) se escaló a biorreactor operando en discontinuoy discontinuo‐alimentado utilizando ambas cepas. En todas las condiciones ensayadas los niveles de actividad fueron mayores que los obtenidos previamente en matraz Erlenmeyer, alcanzando la actividad máxima (30 U/ml) con la cepa Muts operando en una estrategia con sorbitol como co‐sustrato durante cultivo en discontinuo alimentado. La caracterización cinética de la proteína recombinante mostró una enzima mejorada con una eficacia catalítica aparente más elevada que la enzima nativa (~ 8 veces) para todos los sustratos ensayados (ésteres de p‐nitrofenol, glicerol y colesterol). Ni el mayor nivel de N‐glicosilación ni la presencia de residuos de metionina oxidados en la región de unión al sustrato de OPE* parecen ser responsables de esta mejora. Estudios de dicroísmo circular mostraron cambios en sus espectros, pero el análisis de los datos (método K2d de DichroWeb) dio como resultado un contenido idéntico en hélices α (0,46) y láminas β (0,23) para ambas proteínas indicando la ausencia de cambios en su estructura secundaria. Ahora bien, la principal diferencia en ellas se encontró en la secuencia N‐terminal de la OPE* que contenía 6‐8 residuos más que OPE. Estos residuos procedían del vector utilizado para la expresión de la proteína y del procesamiento ineficiente del factor α de Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizado para la secreción. Esto afecta al estado de agregación detectado en OPE* (inferior a la descrita en OPE) lo que mejora su eficiencia catalítica.

Dado su potencial, se han estudiado nuevas aplicaciones biotecnológicas para esta enzima: i) desacetilación de acetato de polivinilo (PVAc), uno de los compuestos identificados en los stickies formados durante la producción de papel reciclado. La capacidad de la enzima para realizar tal reacción ha sido confirmada mediante espectroscopía de FTIR, análisis de espectrometría de masas y titulación; de modo que, los resultados obtenidos, en las condiciones de ensayo, muestran una actividad semejante a la de la enzima Optizyme® 530 comercializada para este fin. ii) Síntesis de ésteres en medios orgánicos, concretamente de ésteres de fitoesterol, como productos nutracéuticos. En este caso, la influencia de la concentración de enzima y sustrato y el efecto de diferentes disolventes orgánicos junto a la presencia y ausencia de agua en las reacciones han sido estudiados. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido patentar el empleo de la enzima para tal fin al ser semejantes a los alcanzados con la enzima comercial de C. rugosa empleada en la comparación e incluso algo mejores en algunas circunstancias. Se observó un total de producción de ésteres de esterol del 60% en 24 horas cuando se usó un pequeño exceso de sustrato aumentando al 80% con excesos mayores. Pensando en su posible uso industrial, la enzima nativa ha sido inmovilizada con éxito a través de grupos epoxi activados en un nuevo soporte llamado Dilbeads™. El biocatalizador inmovilizado resultó ser significativamente más estable a valores altos de pH y temperatura que la enzima soluble y conservó la capacidad de hidrolizar oleato de colesterilo durante varios días cuando fue empaquetado a modo de biorreactor. Por último, se han realizado diferentes experimentos de cristalización con la enzima nativa. Sin embargo, la alta tendencia que muestra a formar agregados impidió la obtención de cristales de buena calidad para los estudios de difracción de rayos X.

[EN] Lipases and esterases are versatile biocatalysts and the most used kind of enzymes for biotechnological purposes. Ophiostoma piceae produces a sterol esterase (OPE) with high affinity on triglycerides and sterol esters that is able to hydrolyse efficiently natural mixtures of these compounds from wood extractives. Due to these properties, the use of this enzyme has been proposed to decrease the pitch deposition problem in hardwood and softwood pulping. The mature protein sequence of OPE has been expressed successfully in Mut+ and Muts Pichia pastoris strains, which differ in their ability for metabolizing methanol as inducer of expression, resulting in higher levels of activity than those obtained in O. piceae Erlenmeyer cultures. In addition, the production of recombinant enzyme (OPE*) was scaled to bioreactor operating in batch and fed‐batch processes using both strains. In all the conditions assayed the activity levels were higher than those obtained in Erlenmeyer flask, reaching the maximum activity (30 U/mL) with Muts strain operating in a sorbitol co‐feeding strategy during fed‐batch cultivation.

Beca FPU (AP-2004-5867) del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

214 p.-74 fig.-39 tab.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Biotecnología, Pichia pastoris, Enzimas, Esterol esterasa, 577.15(043.2), 3399 Otras Especialidades Tecnológicas, Biotecnología blanca, Industria papelera, Ophiostoma, Nutracéuticos, Enzymes

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