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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2016
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Atomic force microscopy dynamic modes for the quantification of nanomechanical properties : from polymers to membrane proteins

Authors: Pérez Perrino, Alma Eva;

Atomic force microscopy dynamic modes for the quantification of nanomechanical properties : from polymers to membrane proteins

Abstract

The AFM has evolved as a response to the need to provide non-invasive and high resolution methods for imaging surfaces and interfaces. These methods provide simultaneous information about different material properties which are needed to understand heterogeneous interfaces such as solid-liquid interfaces, polymer interfaces, energy-storage devices, cells or membrane proteins and to develop materials with tailored properties at the nanoscale. Ideally, those methods should complement the high spatial resolution of AFM with the following properties: (1) Material characterization independent of the probe properties. (2) Quantitative. (3) Minimal tip and sample preparation. (4) Compatible with high speed data acquisition and imaging. The approaches most widely used so far are the combination of force curves at each point of the surface with contact or near contact AFM imaging configurations. However, these approaches have some limitations, 1) The data acquisition speed is limited by the large number of data points per pixel needed to obtain accurate values of the mechanical properties, 2) The use of the same cantilever to measure complex surfaces is restricted since the sensitivity of the force curve depends on the cantilever force constant, 3) The expressions used to retrieve the mechanical properties are not analytical or there is a lack of theoretical approaches used to determine those expressions. In order to address these limitations, the development of nanomechanical spectroscopy methods has been inspired by bimodal excitation in combination with the main dynamic modes, amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.

El AFM ha evolucionado para dar una respuesta a la necesidad de métodos de alta resolución y no invasivos para medir superficies e intercaras. Estos métodos proporcionan información simultánea de las distintas propiedades que son necesarias para entender materiales como polímeros, dispositivos para almacenamiento de energía, células o proteínas y para el desarrollo de materiales con propiedades personalizadas en la nano escala. Idealmente estos métodos deberían complementar la alta resolución proporcionada por el AFM con las siguientes propiedades: (1) Caracterización del material independientemente de las propiedades de la sonda del AFM. (2) Medidas cuantitativas. (3) Preparación de punta y muestra mínima. (4) Compatible con alta velocidad de adquisición de datos y de imagen. Hasta ahora, los métodos desarrollados utilizaban la combinación de curvas de fuerza en cada punto de la superficie de la muestra con configuraciones de AFM en contacto o fuera de resonancia. Sin embargo, estos métodos tienen algunas limitaciones, (1) Debido al gran número de puntos por pixel, la adquisición de los datos y de la imagen simultáneamente es más lento. (2) El uso del mismo cantiléver para medir superficies con distintas propiedades no es posible debido a que la sensibilidad de las curvas de fuerzas depende de la constante de fuerzas del cantiléver. (3) Las ecuaciones desarrolladas para obtener las propiedades mecánicas no son analíticas, aumentando el tiempo de adquisición de los datos.

Esta tesis doctoral se centra en las distintas configuraciones de AFM con los modos dinámicos: amplitud modulada (AM-AFM), frecuencia modulada (FM-AFM) y excitación bimodal. La tesis se divide en cinco capítulos y tiene dos objetivos principales, a) El desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de AFM, basadas en excitación simple o bimodal, que permiten conectar los observables experimentales con las propiedades del material. El desarrollo de las técnicas de AFM está especialmente enfocado en la aplicación de las técnicas en líquido para el estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de biomoléculas y biomateriales en su medio nativo; 2) El estudio de los modos dinámicos del AFM ya establecidos y comparar su comportamiento para medir biomoléculas en aire y en liquido de forma no invasiva.

This doctoral thesis focuses on the main dynamic AFM configurations: amplitude modulation AFM (AM-AFM), frequency modulation (FM-AFM) and bimodal excitation. The thesis is divided in five chapters and has two main goals, 1) to develop new AFM techniques based on single or bimodal excitation, that connect the experimental observables and the properties of the material. The development of the AFM techniques is specifically focused on the application of the techniques in liquid for the study of the nanomechanical properties of biomolecules and biomaterials in their native environment; 2) to study the established dynamic AFM modes and compare their performance for imaging biomolecules in air and liquid in a non invasive manner.

[ES] La microscopía de fuerzas (AFM por sus siglas en inglés) se ha establecido como una herramienta clave para el desarrollo y estudio de la nanociencia y la nanotecnología. El desarrollo de diversos modos de operación de la micropalanca ha aumentado la versatilidad de la microscopía de fuerzas para visualizar con resolución atómica, molecular o nanométrica una gran variedad de superficies y materiales como semiconductores, metales, polímeros o biomoléculas. Además, el AFM puede funcionar tanto en vacío, como a presión atmosférica o en líquido.

[EN] The atomic force microscope (AFM) has been established as the key tool for the development and the study of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology fields. The expansion of AFM configurations has increased its versatility and, now, it is possible to obtain high resolution images, meaning atomic and molecular resolution, on a broad variety of materials such as semiconductors, metals, polymers or biomolecules. In addition, the AFM works in all environments, from vacuum to liquid.

En algunos casos la teoría para el desarrollo de estas ecuaciones no está explicada. Todas estas limitaciones han llevado a la comunidad de AFM a desarrollar métodos basados en la excitación bimodal en combinación con los principales modos dinámicos, amplitud modulada y frecuencia modulada.

A thesis submitted to the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor in Philosophy.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Microscopía de fuerza atómica - Tesis doctorales, Física

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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