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Part of book or chapter of book . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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Los primeros sistemas alfabéticos de escritura

Authors: Vita, Juan-Pablo;

Los primeros sistemas alfabéticos de escritura

Abstract

El Próximo Oriente antiguo produjo, a lo largo de más de tres milenios, diversos sistemas de escritura. Entre los principales destacan el jeroglífico egipcio y el cuneiforme mesopotámico, por su antigüedad, longevidad y el enorme número de documentos que los emplearon. El tercer gran sistema de escritura es, sin duda, el alfabético. El principio del que parte el alfabeto es muy distinto al de otros sistemas: descompone la lengua en sus componentes más elementales, los fonemas. No transcribe, por tanto, unidades mayores, como palabras completas (escrituras ideográficas) o sílabas (como por ejemplo la escritura cuneiforme mesopotámica o la escritura micénica). Se trata de un concepto revolucionario dentro de la historia de la escritura, más aún teniendo en cuenta el contexto político y cultural en el que nació. Desde nuestra perspectiva actual, el alfabeto es un gran invento de la Humanidad. Se trata de un sistema de fácil aprendizaje y, en expresión habitual, se trata de un elemento esencial de la “democratización del saber”. Pero veremos que en el antiguo Oriente Próximo, la percepción de esta invención fue diferente. Nacido más tarde que el jeroglífico egipcio y el cuneiforme mesopotámico, el alfabeto coexistió durante siglos con esos dos sistemas mayores. Ni los egipcios ni los pueblos que utilizaban el cuneiforme mesopotámico renunciaron nunca a esos sistemas en favor del alfabeto.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Sistema jeroglífico egipcio, Sitema cuneiforme mesopotámico, Sistema alfabético, Próximo Oriente Antiguo, Sistemas de escrituras

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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