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handle: 10261/131148
En el ámbito sanitario las conductas delictivas suelen ser imprudentes. En ese ámbito no puede haber homicidio imprudente justificado, aunque sí homicidio doloso cometido por omisión, difícilmente amparado en causa alguna de justificación. El ámbito de protección de la norma penal es el de agresiones contra la vida, la salud e integridad corporal, no el de conductas típicamente orientadas a mejorar o preservar la salud o el bienestar del sujeto pasivo. De ahí se deduce la total inoperancia jurídico-penal del consentimiento, informado o no. No existe en el ámbito sanitario delito de lesiones imprudentes que pudiera cometer el médico cuyo descuido o cuya impericia profesional determine un fracaso del tratamiento terapéutico. Es dudoso si esa conclusión se aplica a los casos en que la lesión produce el fallecimiento del paciente. Resulta problemático atribuir al personal sanitario, en el ejercicio profesional, delito de homicidio imprudente.
In the health service, criminal behaviour is usually due to negligence, not bad intention. In this field there can be no justified manslaughter due to blamable negligence. There can be an intentional manslaughter due to guilty omission, but such a conduct can hardly be justified by any exonerating circumstance. The aim of the criminal code as regards the protection of human body is to prevent agressions and preserve life, health and corporeal integrity, which does not apply to medical treatments typically aimed at preserving such goods rather than to harm them. However the Spanish Criminal Code does not punish medical negligence giving rise to injuries. It is quite dubious that its prescriptions can be legitimitaly applied to injuries issuing in the patient's death. Therefore the notion of a physician committing a negligent manslaughter is entirely problematic.
Este trabajo pone en tela de juicio la reprochabilidad penal de las conductas del personal sanitario, especialmente del médico, al no estar tipificada expresamente como un tipo punible doloso y no pudiendo entonces que sería aplicable la comisión imprudente. Por ello son ociosas las causas de justificación. Habría homicidio doloso en comisión por omisión. Pero el consentimiento del paciente es penalmente irrelevante.
Peer reviewed
causes of justification, Blamable negligence, imprudencia punible, Consentimiento del paciente, health law, responsabilidad penal, Causas de justificación, patient's consent, derecho sanitario, Criminal responsability, liability
causes of justification, Blamable negligence, imprudencia punible, Consentimiento del paciente, health law, responsabilidad penal, Causas de justificación, patient's consent, derecho sanitario, Criminal responsability, liability
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