In this paper, we review the current geophysical knowledge of the Valencia Trough Basin, and the surrounding areas. For this purpose, we summarize the most significant regional geophysical datasets acquired since the seventies to investigate the trough (seismic, gravity, geoid and heat flow data). We then focus on the discussion regarding the geometry and physical properties of the present day crustal and lithospheric structure derived from seismic images, as well as combined potential field modelling and their relationships with the Alpine geodynamic evolution of the Valencia Trough. Finally, we discuss the differences in the results regarding the geometry of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary obtained by different modelling approaches and the features that, in our view, require further investigation to unravel the true nature of the Valencia Trough, including what could have caused the differences between the crustal structure observed in the SW region compared to the NE region, the asymmetric style of thinning across the trough; the origin of the changes in the lower crustal reflectivity across the basin; the fabric of the uppermost mantle, characterized by anomalously low P-wave velocities; and the physical properties of the lithosphere mantle (density, Pwaves velocity, thermal conductivity, temperature distribution, mineralogical composition, etc.).

The first and second author were partially supported by the project TOPOIBERIA CONSOLIDER-INGENIO CSD200-00041

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