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handle: 10261/118353
[EN] The Cabañeros National Park is located within the Palaeozoic basement areas belonging to the southern part of the Central Iberian Zone of the Iberian Massif. It is mainly composed of Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician marine rocks, affected by Variscan folding and faulting and by differential erosion processes of the Palaeozoic formations leading to an Appalachian-like relief. Eight geosites and three geological itineraries are proposed as representative of the most important places for geodiversity and geological heritage of the Cabañeros National Park. Some of the geosites can be visited through several walking trails (free-access or guided) and one 4WD-vehicle guided route which climbs to the Rocigalgo peak, whereas others are in private land, making them only accessible with the consent of both their owners and the Park authorities. The key itinerary due to its significant value for nature tourism is the Boquerón del Estena Geoturistic trail, visited by tens of thousands of people every year. It presents considerable attraction because of its rather complete Cambrian to Ordovician sedimentary record, the outcrop of a major angular unconformity, a stunning example of Variscan tectonism, and by its outstanding trace fossils, including a bedding plane with astonishing giant burrows made by marine worms. Palaeozoic geosites of regional, national or international interest located in the Cabañeros National Park constitute an additional value to this natural area, and their potential as a geotouristic and educational resource is being implemented in the form of fixed information-signs, geotouristic trails, guided visits, and tourist information-guides and leaflets. From a palaeontological point of view, Cabañeros comprises interesting fossil localities from early Cambrian, and Early and Middle Ordovician epochs. A total of 13 sites of late Darriwilian age provide 61 different trilobites, molluscs, brachiopods, echinoderms, graptolites, conularids, poriferans, bryozoans and ostracods, some of them belonging to new taxa. A geosite is proposed within the La Chorrera syncline to contain the Los Medianiles–El Robledo fossil localities. This is essential to ensure their adequate geoconservation, because its exceptional paleontological record –comprising new taxa of sponges, brachiopods and bivalves– is yet to be described and published. Fossil collecting in the remaining localities is strictly limited for research purposes and, as such, is effectively protected under the regulation laws in effect within the boundaries of the National Park. Aditionally, we are presenting the technical details that have led to the completion of two large casts of ichnofossils of great scientific interest, located in the Lower Ordovician sequence. The replica with abundant traces of Cruziana (13.4 m2) is the second largest single-piece cast in the world in the field of invertebrate palaeoichnology. Our studies are complemented with the oldest geological reference for the area, some data related with ancient mining and a Pb-Zn paragenesis, and the finding of a new iron meteorite near the northern boundary of the National Park: a coarse octaedrite from the IAB complex (main group), of about 100 kg in weight.
[ES] Del análisis de los materiales geológicos que afloran en el territorio del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, se proponen ocho Lugares de Interés Geológico (LIG) y tres geo-rutas que recopilan lo más importante de la geodiversidad paleozoica y del Patrimonio Geológico del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros. Parte de los LIG son accesibles a través de senderos pedestres, tanto guiados como de libre ingreso, así como por la ruta que asciende al pico Rocigalgo en vehículos todo-terreno. También hay LIG emplazados en fincas privadas dentro del Parque, restringidos al uso científico autorizado por el parque y los propietarios. El itinerario con mayores valores geoturísticos es la ruta pedestre del Boquerón del Estena, transitada cada año por decenas de miles de personas, que muestra una sección bastante completa de sedimentos cámbricos y ordovícicos, una discordancia angular, tectonismo varisco y prevarisco, así como yacimientos extraordinarios de icnofósiles, entre ellos un plano con huellas gigantes de gusanos marinos. Los LIG paleozoicos localizados en el parque nacional varían su interés desde el rango regional al internacional, y constituyen un valor añadido a este espacio natural. Tres de ellos ya han sido seleccionados oficialmente en el Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico a cargo del IGME. El potencial geoturístico y educativo comienza a ser explorado con la instalación de señalizaciones y paneles en algunas rutas, complementadas con la edición de folletos y la realización de visitas guiadas. Desde el punto de vista paleontológico, el territorio del Parque reúne interesantes yacimientos del Cámbrico inferior y del Ordovícico Inferior y Medio. Los de las dos primeras épocas son especialmente icnológicos, en tanto que las 13 localidades fosilíferas del Oretaniense inferior (Ordovícico Medio) aportan 61 formas distintas de trilobites, moluscos, braquiópodos, equinodermos, graptolitos, conuláridos, poríferos, briozoos y ostrácodos. De ellos, el LIG Los Medianiles-El Robledo (sinclinal de La Chorrera) ofrece un interés científico especial de cara a su geoconservación, por constituir la localidad tipo de nuevos taxones de esponjas, braquiópodos y bivalvos. El resto de los yacimientos no requieren una protección específica, más allá de la restricción a un uso exclusivamente científico, garantizado suficientemente por la figura de Parque Nacional. Adicionalmente, se presentan los detalles técnicos que condujeron a la realización de dos grandes réplicas con icnofósiles de elevado interés científico, localizados en las cuarcitas y areniscas del Ordovícico Inferior del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros. La réplica de Cruziana (13,4 m2) es la segunda más grande del mundo, hecha en una sola pieza, en el campo de la paleoicnología de invertebrados. Nuestro estudio se complementa con la primera referencia histórica a la geología del área, el análisis de la minería antigua y su paragénesis, y el hallazgo de un nuevo meteorito metálico cerca de la linde septentrional del Parque Nacional, correspondiente a una octaedrita gruesa del complejo principal del grupo IAB, de cerca de 100 kg de peso.
Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales, (proyecto 052/2009)
Peer reviewed
Parques Nacionales, Geodiversity, Palaeontology, España, Geology, Geological heritage, Paleontología, Geoconservation, Geoconservación, Parques nacionales, Spain, Geoturismo, Geología, National parks, Geotourism, Geodiversidad, National Parks, Patrimonio geológico
Parques Nacionales, Geodiversity, Palaeontology, España, Geology, Geological heritage, Paleontología, Geoconservation, Geoconservación, Parques nacionales, Spain, Geoturismo, Geología, National parks, Geotourism, Geodiversidad, National Parks, Patrimonio geológico
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