
handle: 10261/117098
[FR] Le mahdisme est l'une des voies offerte par la tradition musulmane pour légitimer un chef politique, particulièrement lorsque le but est de rénover la société et d'éliminer les vieilles élites politico-religieuses. Le mahdisme peut être appréhendé comme la perpétuation du modèle du khalîfat Allâh c'est-à-dire du chef légitimé en tant que représentant de Dieu sur Terre, modèle conservé par les chiites ; les sunnites favorisant le modèle khalifat rasûl Allâh. Malgré tout, à différentes époques et sous différentes formes, ce modèle a fait à nouveau surface dans le monde sunnite et la période almohade (XIIe siècle) fut l'une d'entre-elles. Cet article montre à quel point le mahdisme almohade a été conçu comme une alternative au système que les Almohades rencontrèrent lorsqu'ils conquirent al-Andalus, et comme une justification au remplacement du personnel politique et religieux en place.
[EN] Mahdism is one of the means offered by Islamic tradition to legitimize a ruler. It is of special relevance when the aim is to renovate society and to eliminate old politico-religious elites and create new ones. Mahdism might be seen as the continuation of the model khalifat Allâh, i. e., the ruler as delegate or representative of God on earth, a model that was preserved by the Shiites but which the Sunnites eventually discarded in favour of the model khalifat rasûl Allâh. Yet, the model has resurfaced in the Sunni community in differents periods and in different forms. The Almohad period (12th century) was one of them. This paper shows how Almohad Mahdism was shaped as a response to the political and religious establishment that the Almohads encountered when they conquered al-Andalus.
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