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Mild Clinical and Biochemical Phenotype in Two Patients with PMM2-CDG (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ia)

Authors: Casado, Mercedes; O'Callaghan, M.; Montero, Raquel; Pérez-Cerdá, Celia; Pérez, Belén; Briones, P.; Quintana, E.; +4 Authors

Mild Clinical and Biochemical Phenotype in Two Patients with PMM2-CDG (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ia)

Abstract

Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) patients may present as mild phenotypes, with the cerebellum frequently involved. In those cases, false-negative results in screening may occur when applying conventional biochemical procedures. Our aim was to report two patients with a diagnosis of PMM2-CDG presenting with mild clinical phenotype. Patient 1-at 9 months of age, she presented with just psychomotor delay, tremor, hypotonia, and slight lipodystrophy. Patient 2-she presented at 8 months of age with psychomotor delay, hand stereotypes, hypotonia, convergent bilateral strabismus, and tremor but no lipodystrophy. Routine biochemical parameters including blood count, clotting factors, proteins, and thyroid hormone were normal in both cases. Cranial MRI evidenced mild cerebellar atrophy with moderate vermis hypoplasia. In case 1, sialotransferrin pattern showed very slightly increased disialotransferrin with no asialotransferrin, and in case 2, the transferrin pattern was impaired in the first study but nearly normal in the second. Nevertheless, in all the samples, quantification of the patterns obtained by capillary zone electrophoresis analysis gave results out of the control range. High residual PMM2 activity was observed in both cases and the genetic analysis showed that patient 1 was heterozygous for c.722G>C (p.C241S) and c.368G>A (p.R123Q) mutations, and patient 2 showed the c.722G>C and the c.470T>C (p.F157S) mutations in the PMM2 gene. We would like to stress the importance of the use of sensitive semiquantitative methods of screening for CDG in order to achieve early identification of patients with mild phenotypes. Intentional tremor was an atypical but remarkable clinical feature in both cases, and the global cerebellar atrophy with vermis hypoplasia reinforced the early clinical suspicion of a PMM2-CDG disease.

Keywords

Lipodystrophy, Developmental Disabilities, Pediatric patients, DNA Mutational Analysis, PMM2-CDG, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation, Cerebellum, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Congenital disorders of glycosylation, Sialotransferrin, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Neurologic Examination, Transferrin, Brain, Infant, DNA, Fibroblasts, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phenotype, Phosphotransferases (Phosphomutases), Cerebellar atrophy, Female, Isoelectric Focusing

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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