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handle: 10261/112492 , 10261/43599
[CAT] Els organismes estem formats per diferents òrgans, aquests per diferents teixits, i aquests al seu torn per cèl·lules. En les cèl·lules euca riotes, com les nostres, es poden diferenciar dues parts: l’externa o el citoplasma, on es troba el metabolisme de la cèl·lula, és a dir tot el que requereix per al seu creixement i desenvolupament; i la interna també anomenada nucli, a on es troben els cromosomes. A la nostra espècie tenim 23 parells de cromosomes; els 22 primers són els que denominem cromosomes autosòmics, mentre que l’últim parell de cromosomes, el número 23, són els cromosomes que determinen el sexe de l’individu (dos cromosomes X en dones, i un cromosoma X i un cromosoma Y en homes). Els cromosomes són ADN altament empaquetat gràcies a una sèrie de proteïnes i aquest ADN és una gran biomolècula amb una estructura de dos filaments complementaris, cadascun format per quatre subunitats o nucleòtids que s’aparellen de dos en dos: adenina (A), citosina (C), guanina (G) i timina (T). Així doncs, el genoma és una llarga seqüència, una successió de “As”, “Cs”, “Gs” i “Ts”. Els fragments d’aquesta seqüència que tenen una funció determinada són el que anomenem gens, que tenen principalment la funció de portar la informació per sintetitzar proteïnes.
[EN] A better understanding of the diversity of the human genome can allows us to test hypotheses proposed by other disciplines. Moreover, it can lead to the generation of new data, on various levels, on the genetic diversity of our species: between humans and primates, the origin of the species, colonization of the planet, and finally recent migrations and admixtures. In addition to more fully grasping human evolutionary history through the analysis of certain genomic regions, we can detect differential selection processes at work in human populations.A better understanding of the diversity of the human genome can allows us to test hypotheses proposed by other disciplines. Moreover, it can lead to the generation of new data, on various levels, on the genetic diversity of our species: between humans and primates, the origin of the species, colonization of the planet, and finally recent migrations and admixtures. In addition to more fully grasping human evolutionary history through the analysis of certain genomic regions, we can detect differential selection processes at work in human populations.
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