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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2013
Data sources: Biblos-e Archivo
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Impacto de los ultrasonidos de potencia en la calidad de vegetales y frutas durante el proceso de deshidratación

Authors: Gamboa Santos, Juliana;

Impacto de los ultrasonidos de potencia en la calidad de vegetales y frutas durante el proceso de deshidratación

Abstract

[ES]: En la presente Tesis se ha estudiado la influencia de los ultrasonidos (US) de potencia en el proceso de deshidratación de vegetales y frutas, tanto en el pre-tratamiento como en el secado, empleándose diversos parámetros de calidad. Los indicadores químicos seleccionados han sido las enzimas peroxidasa y pectinmetilesterasa, la vitamina C, los carbohidratos, las proteínas, los polifenoles y los 2-furoilmetil aminoácidos (indicadores de las etapas iniciales de la reacción de Maillard); además, se han evaluado la capacidad de rehidratación, las pérdidas por lixiviado y el encogimiento, así como las características organolépticas del producto final. En primer lugar, con objeto de conocer la calidad de este tipo de productos de los que dispone el consumidor, se analizaron muestras comerciales de vegetales y frutas ampliamente consumidos en la actualidad. Además, con fines comparativos, se llevaron a cabo tratamientos de secado en un prototipo por convección cuyas condiciones de procesado se optimizaron para obtener productos de alta calidad. Posteriormente, se estudió la viabilidad de la aplicación de los US de potencia como tratamiento previo al secado convectivo, encontrándose efectos similares en lo referente a pérdidas por lixiviado e inactivación enzimática en los tratamientos convencionales a baja temperatura y largo tiempo y en los tratamientos con sonda de US, pero con una significativa reducción en el tiempo con estos últimos. Finalmente, la aplicación de US en el secado, en concreto de zanahoria y fresa, produjo reducciones significativas en el tiempo de procesado, así como productos finales de elevada calidad. Dicha calidad fue superior a la de productos comerciales y superior o equivalente a la de muestras obtenidas en similares condiciones en un prototipo de secado convectivo, e incluso, en el caso de algunos indicadores, semejante a la de muestras liofilizadas. Los resultados hallados en esta Tesis constituyen un avance importante en la aplicación de US de potencia para obtener, de modo eficiente, vegetales y frutas deshidratadas de alta calidad y propiedades bioactivas que respondan a las demandas del consumidor actual.

[EN]: In this Thesis the influence of power ultrasound (US) on the dehydration process of fruits and vegetables both in pre-treatment and drying was studied. Various quality parameters were used. Chemical indicators selected were: pectinmethylesterase and peroxidase enzymes, vitamin C, carbohydrates, proteins, polyphenols and 2-furoylmethyl amino acids (indicators of the early stages of the Maillard reaction); in addition, rehydration capacity, leaching losses and shrinkage, as well as the organoleptic characteristics of the final product were also evaluated. Firstly, in order to know the quality of this type of products, available to the consumer, commercial samples of fruits and vegetables widely consumed today were analysed. Furthermore, for comparison purposes, drying treatments were conducted in a prototype convection drier, under optimal conditions to obtain high quality products. The feasibility of application of power US as a treatment prior to convection drying was subsequently studied. Similar effects with regard to leaching losses and enzyme inactivation were found in conventional low temperature and prolonged treatments and in treatments with a US probe, but with a significant reduction in the time of the latter. Finally, application of US in drying, in particular of carrots and strawberries, produced significant reductions in processing time and high quality end-products. The quality mentioned was superior to that of marketed products and superior or equivalent to samples obtained under similar conditions in the prototype convection drier and, in the case of some indicators, even similar to that of freeze-dried samples. Results found in this Thesis constitute a valuable advance in the application of power US for efficiently obtaining dried fruits and vegetables, with high quality and bioactivity, that meet the demands of today's consumers.

Memoria presentada por Juliana Gamboa Santos para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y que ha sido realizada en el Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación.

Gracias al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) por la concesión de la beca JAE.

Peer Reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Hortalizas - Desidratación - Tesis doctorales, Frutas - Deshidratación - Tesis doctorales

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green