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Pneumococcus: The sugarcoated bacteria

Authors: López, Rubens;

Pneumococcus: The sugarcoated bacteria

Abstract

[ES]Hasta el empleo generalizado de los antibióticos, el estudio de Streptococcus pneumoniae (el neumococo) fue un tema central en medicina durante muchas décadas. Muchas contribuciones fundamentales de la historia de la microbiología se deben a esta bacteria: la reacción capsular de la precipitina, su destacado papel en el desarrollo de la inmunología mediante la identificación de polisacáridos como antígenos, y, principalmente, la demostración, por transformación genética, de que los genes están compuestos de DNA, que supuso el mayor impacto en biología a partir del estudio de las bacterias. Actualmente, el neumococo es el agente etiológico más frecuente en procesos de infección aguda del oído medio, sinusitis y neumonía que requieren hospitalización en adultos. Además, la meningitis es una de las principales causas de muerte en los niños de países en vías de desarrollo. Esta revisión trata las contribuciones que han llevado a un elevado nivel de conocimiento sobre el neumococo y describe algunas contribuciones de nuestro grupo al conocimiento de la base molecular de los tres factores principales de la virulencia, es decir, las enzimas líticas, los fagos y los genes que codifican los polisacáridos capsulares.

[PORT]Até o emprego generalizado dos antibióticos, o estudo de Streptococcus pneumoniae (o neumococo) foi um tema central em medicina durante muitas décadas. São numerosas as contribuições fundamentais na história da microbiologia devidas a esta bactéria: a reação capsular da precipitina, seu papel no desenvolvimento da imunologia através da identificação de polissacarídeos como antígenos, e, principalmente, a demonstração, pe transformação genética, que os genes são compostos por DNA, o que representou o maior impacto em biologia a partir do estudo das bactérias. Atualmente, o neumococo é o agente etiológico mais comum em processos de otite aguda, sinusites e pneumonia que requerem hospitalização em adultos. No entanto, é a meningite a causa principal de morte em países desenvolvidos e em crianças em países em vias de desenvolvimento. Nesta revisão, propomos também uma análise das contribuições que levaram ao elevado nível de conhecimento sobre o neumococo, assim como um breve relatório sobre as contribuições de nosso grupo à base molecular dos três principais fatores de virulência isto é, os enzimas líticos, os fagos os genes que codificam os polissacarídeos capsulares.

[EN]The study of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) had been a central issue in medicine for many decades until the use of antibiotics became generalized. Many fundamental contributions to the history of microbiology should credit this bacterium: the capsular precipitin reaction, the major role this reaction plays in the development of immunology through the identification of polysaccharides as antigens, and, mainly, the demonstration, by genetic transformation, that genes are composed of DNA—the finding from the study of bacteria that has had the greatest impact on biology. Currently, pneumococcus is the most common etiologic agent in acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia requiring the hospitalization of adults. Moreover, meningitis is the leading cause of death among children in developing countries. Here I discuss the contributions that led to the explosion of knowledge about pneumococcus and also report some of the contributions of our group to the understanding of the molecular basis of three important virulence factors: lytic enzymes, pneumococcal phages, and the genes coding for capsular polysaccharides.

Peer reviewed

12 p.-4 fig.

Keywords

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Virulence factors, Cell wall hydrolases, Capsular polysaccharide, Bacteriophage

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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