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Propiedades beneficiosas de los terpenos iridoides sobre la salud

Authors: López-Carreras, Noemi; Miguel, Marta; Aleixandre, Amaya;

Propiedades beneficiosas de los terpenos iridoides sobre la salud

Abstract

[ES]: Algunos componentes de los alimentos presentan actividad biológica y pueden producir un efecto beneficioso sobre la salud. Aquellos que provienen de las plantas se conocen con el nombre de fitoquímicos. Muchos de estos compuestos proceden de la condensación del isopreno y presentan la estructura propia de los terpenos. Entre ellos, destacan algunos monoterpenos bicíclicos derivados del geraniol, que se denominan iridoides. Los iridoides pueden encontrarse como estructuras abiertas (secoiridoides), o cerradas (iridoides propiamente dichos), y generalmente aparecen en forma de heterósidos, mayoritariamente como glucósidos. Estos compuestos presentan propiedades beneficiosas sobre la función hepática y biliar. También han mostrado actividad antiinflamatoria, antimicrobiana, antitumoral y antiviral, y se han utilizado como antídoto en el envenenamiento producido tras el consumo de hongos venenosos del género Amanita. Distintas plantas como el olivo, el harpagófito, la valeriana, la genciana y el fresno contienen principios activos de naturaleza iridoídica. Todas estas plantas se han empleado con frecuencia en la medicina popular de distintas culturas. Sus hojas, tubérculos, raíces y semillas, así como los extractos correspondientes, siguen considerándose una fuente farmacológica muy atractiva. En el momento actual, se ha conseguido caracterizar y aislar algunos de los iridoides responsables de su actividad. Esta revisión se ocupa del origen de los iridoides y describe sus rutas biosintéticas. Asimismo, señala las características y propiedades más importantes de cada una de las plantas mencionadas, e indica los principales iridoides que se han aislado de ellas.

[EN]: Food components can have biological activity and healthy properties. Some of them, produced by plants, are named phytochemicals. The diversity of phytochemicals is amazing and this term refers in fact to a wide variety of compounds. Some of them, biosynthesized from isoprene, are named terpenes, and an important group of biciclic monoterpenes, derived from geraniol, are named iridoids. Iridoids can have open structures (secoiridoids) or closed structures (really iridoids) and they appear usually as heteroside compounds, in particular as glycosides. They have beneficial effects on liver and biliary function. Moreover, they have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic and antiviral activity, and they can be used as antidote in mushroom intoxications, in particular, those caused by Amanita type. Iridoids are present in particular in plants such as olive, harpagophytum, the valerian plant, the gentian plant and the ash tree. All these plants have been reported to be used as traditional medicine in many cultures. Nowadays, their leaves, tubercles, roots, seeds, and extracts are also considered important for pharmacology, and some of their active compounds have been identified. This review refers to the origin and biosynthetic pathways of iridoids. It describes the characteristics and properties of the plants mentioned above, and it also mentions the principal iridoids isolated from them.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Terpenes, Iridoides, Phytochemicals, Iridoids, Fitoquímicos, Terpenos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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