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Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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Astronomía y cosmografía entre 1561 y 1625. Aspectos de la actividad de los matemáticos y cosmógrafos españoles y portugueses

Authors: Navarro Brotóns, Víctor;

Astronomía y cosmografía entre 1561 y 1625. Aspectos de la actividad de los matemáticos y cosmógrafos españoles y portugueses

Abstract

[ES] Las exploraciones geográficas llevados a cabo por los pueblos ibéricos, el control y dominio de las tierras conquistadas, el mantenimiento de los imperios y la construcción del estado plantearon una serie de exigencias técnico-científicas. Estas exigencias le dieron gran relevancia a la astronomía y sus aplicaciones, particularmente al arte de navegar (astronomía náutica), geografía y cartografía. En la España del siglo XVI y basándose y aprovechándose de la experiencia portuguesa se crearon instituciones como la Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla En 1524 se fundó el Consejo de Indias y en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI se creó el cargo, asociado al Consejo, de cosmógrafo-cronista mayor, y la Academia de matemáticas de Madrid. La creación de esta última institución se ha relacionado con la anexión de Portugal, con la demanda de cosmógrafos, y con los proyectos de reforma de los instrumentos, regimientos y cartas de navegar. Su primer director fue el portugués Joao Baptista Lavanha. Además, en las universidades, también se prestó atención a las relaciones astronomía-cosmografía, también, en parte, por la necesidad de formar cosmógrafos. El presente trabajo se ocupa de describir diversos aspectos de las relaciones astronomía-cosmografía, en la época de los primeros felipes. Se dedica especial atención a los mencionados proyectos de reforma y a los resultados alcanzados, y, de forma general, a las actividades astronómicas y propuestas de nuevas tablas de algunos de los más destacados autores portugueses y españoles en el ámbito de la cosmografía y de la astronomía, como Rodrigo Zamorano, Joao Baptista Lavanha, Andrés García de Céspedes, Manuel de Figueiredo y Antonio de Naiera.

[EN] The geographic explorations carried out by Spain and Portugal, the control and rule of the lands conquered, the maintenance of empires and construction of the state all gave rise to a series of technical and scientific requirements. These requirements made astronomy and its applications - particularly in the realms of the art of navigation (nautical astronomy), geography and cartography - of prime importance. Institutions such as the Casa de la Contratación of Seville were established in sixteenth-century Spain on the basis of and drawing upon Portuguese experience. In 1524 was established the Consejo de Indias and the latter half of the sixteenth century also saw the creation of the post, associated to the Consejo, of head cosmographerchronicler, and the Academy of Mathematics in Madrid. The foundation of the latter has been linked to the annexation of Portugal, the demand for cosmographers and projects to improve navigational instruments and charts and pilots' sailing handbooks. Its first director was Juan Bautista Labaña of Portugal. Universities too paid attention to the relationship between astronomy and cosmography, also partly due to the need to train cosmographers. This paper addresses different aspects of the astronomy-cosmography relationship at the time of the first Philips. Particular emphasis is laid on the improvement projects mentioned above and their outcome, astronomic activities in general, and the new tables proposed by some of the most outstanding Portuguese and Spanish authors on cosmography and astronomy such as Rodrigo Zamorano, Joao Baptista Lavanha, Andrés García de Céspedes, Manuel de Figueiredo and Antonio de Naiera.

Fecha 2014-07-30.--Fujitsu ScanSnap iX500.--Unidad técnica IHMC.--Archivo depósito IHMC.--Solo se permite el uso con fines educativos y de investigación

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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