
handle: 10261/101242
[ES]: Este trabajo es una revisión sobre la utilidad de los ultrasonidos de potencia (US) en pretratamientos y en la deshidratación de vegetales. Son numerosos los estudios relacionados con la aplicación de US (mediante sonda o baño) en pretratamientos en los que se ha visto su eficacia para inactivar enzimas y acelerar el posterior secado. Particular relevancia tienen los US en la deshidratación osmótica de frutas, que aceleran la pérdida de agua y la ganancia de sólidos, además de reducir significativamente el tiempo de secado posterior. En la utilización de los US para el secado, su principal ventaja radica en que su aplicación tiene un bajo efecto térmico, lo cual favorece su uso en procesos de secado a baja temperatura, hecho de especial relevancia en vegetales por su contenido en constituyentes termolábiles. La deshidratación convectiva asistida por US puede ser por contacto o sin contacto y, en ambos casos, se ha demostrado su eficacia en la reducción de los tiempos de secado. Aunque en el proceso con contacto se han obtenido zanahorias de elevada calidad, es necesario llevar a cabo más estudios sobre los cambios químicos y físicos que se producen en los vegetales secados mediante US. En general, por las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento, la utilización de US en el secado convectivo constituye una firme alternativa a los secados convectivos tradicionales, si bien es preciso invertir más esfuerzos en el posible escalado industrial.
[EN]: This work is a review on the usefulness of power ultrasound (US) in pretreatments and drying of vegetables. There are a number of studies related to the application of US (with probe or bath) in pretreatments in which their efficiency for enzyme inactivation and acceleration of the subsequent drying has been demonstrated. Particular relevance has been pointed out on the application of US in the osmotic dehydration of fruits since, this technique, accelerates the loss of water and the gain of solids and, moreover reduces significantly the time of the subsequent drying. In the case of US application for drying, the main advantage is its low thermal effect which is adequate in drying process at low temperature. This is of special relevance in vegetables due to their content in thermolabile components. The convective drying assisted by US can be with or without contact and, in both cases, it has been demonstrated its efficacy in the reduction of drying times. Although, in the process with contact, carrots with high quality have been obtained, more research is needed on the chemical and physical changes that can be produced during convective assisted US drying. In general, according to the investigations carried out to date, it is possible to say that this technique constitutes a firm alternative to the traditional convective drying, although it is necessary to invest more efforts in the possible industrial scaleup.
Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Proyectos Fun-c-Food Consolider CSD2007-00063 Ingenio 2010, AGL 2007-63462 y DPI2009-14549-C04-04). J.G.S. agradece, además, al CSIC por el disfrute de una beca predoctoral (JAE).
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