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Problemas emocionales en el cuidador informal de personas con trastorno mental grave

Authors: Ros López, Sofía;

Problemas emocionales en el cuidador informal de personas con trastorno mental grave

Abstract

Introducción A pesar de que ya existen evidencias acerca del deterioro social, personal y laboral en los cuidadores de pacientes con trastorno mental grave sobre la calidad de vida y el estado de bienestar general, todavía no se ha profundizado lo suficiente sobre los efectos de la carga emocional en particular, los factores que la precipitan y su impacto en la familia y el paciente. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre los problemas emocionales como consecuencia del cuidado del enfermo en cuidadores informales. Método Se realizó una búsqueda detallada en la base de datos Pubmed para identificar todos los artículos en inglés publicados entre 2001 y 2017 sobre problemas emocionales en cuidadores de enfermos con esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar y trastorno límite de la personalidad. Resultados Los niveles más altos de emoción expresada o sobreimplicación en el cuidador se asociaron de manera significativa con un deterioro en el bienestar familiar y con un aumento de recaídas y peor pronóstico del paciente. Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los cuidadores centradas en la emoción derivaban en estrategias más desadaptativas como la evitación o la coerción, pudiendo causar sentimientos de angustia, desesperanza o depresión. Los resultados sugieren que el cuadro clínico del cuidador se compondría de problemas emocionales importantes derivados de la carga generada por el cuidado del paciente y el estigma social, traduciéndose en altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Conclusiones Es necesario comprender mejor las características personales y contextuales de los cuidadores asociadas a altos niveles de sobrecarga emocional, mediante la implementación de programas psicoeducativos de formato grupal basados en el apoyo y validación emocional de los cuidadores, para favorecer la adquisición de estrategias más adaptativas, aumentar las conductas de autocuidado y disminución de la sobrecarga emocional.

Background Despite the evidence about the social, personal, and work impairment in caregivers of patients with severe mental disorder on the quality of life and general welfare state, the effect of emotional stress in particular has not yet been studied in depth, as well as the factors that precipitate it and their impact on the family and the patient. Objectives The objective of this study was to carry out a narrative bibliographic review about emotional problems in informal caregivers. Methods A detailed search was conducted in the Pubmed database to identify all articles published in English between 2001 and 2017 on emotional problems in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Results Higher levels of expressed emotion or over-involvement in the caregiver were significantly associated with a deterioration in the family well-being and with an increase in relapses and worse rognosis Emotion-focused coping strategies resulted in more maladaptive strategies such as avoidance or coercion, which may cause feelings of anguish, hopelessness or depression. The results suggest that the clinical symptomatology of the caregiver would include serious emotional problems derived from the burden generated by patient care and social stigma, giving rise to high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusions It is necessary to better understand the personal and contextual characteristics of caregivers associated with high levels of emotional overload, through the implementation of group-based psychoeducational programs based on the support and emotional validation of caregivers, to favor the acquisition of more adaptive strategies, increase self-care behaviors and decrease of emotional overload.

Treball final de Màster Universitari en Psicologia General Sanitària. Codi: SBF018. Curs acadèmic 2016-2017

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

trastorno mental grave, problemas emocionales, caregivers, severe mental disorder, prevention, prevención, cuidadores, emotional problems, Màster Universitari en Psicologia General Sanitària, Máster Universitario en Psicología General Sanitaria, Master's Degree in General Health Psychology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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