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Mielopatía degenerativa: estado actual del conocimiento. Revisión bibliográfica

Authors: Pellegrino, Fernando Carlos;

Mielopatía degenerativa: estado actual del conocimiento. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

La Mielopatía Degenerativa canina (MD) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de comienzo tardío, diagnosticada inicialmente en el Pastor Alemán, pero que afecta muchas otras razas. Se manifiesta como un desorden medular en los perros adultos, de inicio insidioso y curso lentamente progresivo. Muchos estudios consideraron la posible etiología de MD sin poder esclarecer sus causas. Investigaciones recientes identificaron como causa probable una mutación del gen SOD1 que codifica la Superóxido Dismutasa 1, lo que implica que MD es un potencial ortólogo de la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) del ser humano. La distribución de las lesiones y la progresión clínica de MD son similares a los de ciertos tipos de ELA, con un inicio caracterizado por signos de motoneurona superior, con lesiones predominantes en la médula de la región torácica, con progresión a signos de motoneurona inferior, que se vuelven evidentes en los estadios tardíos de la enfermedad. Antes de establecer una clara equivalencia entre DM y ELA, deben explicarse algunas diferencias entre ambas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, que en MD la axonopatía es difusa (y no restringida al cordón lateral, como en ELA) e involucra a los tractos sensitivos y motores y que, salvo comunicaciones aisladas, no hay evidencia de lesión neuronal en cerebro ni en tronco encefálico. Mientras tanto, los perros con MD son potenciales modelos animales para ELA, que pueden ser usados para investigar los procesos subyacentes de la degeneración de la motoneurona, mapear los loci modificadores e identificar factores ambientales que influyen en la severidad de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT: Canine Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a late-onset neurodegenerative, first diagnosed in German Shepherd, but affects multiple dog breeds. DM manifests as a spinal disorder in adult dogs, insidious onset and slowly progressive course. Many studies considered the possible etiology of DM unable to clarify the causes. Recent researches have identified as a likely cause a mutation of the SOD1 gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which also implies DM is a potential ortholog of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) of the human being. The distribution of lesions and the clinical progression of MD are similar to those reported for certain types of ALS, with an onset characterized by upper motor neuron signs, with predominant lesions in the spinal thoracic region, with progression to lower motor neuron signs that become evident in the later stages of the disease. Before establishing a clear equivalence between DM and ALS must explain some differences between two diseases. For example, in DM the axonopathy is diffuse (not restricted to lateral funiculus, as in ALS) and involves both sensory tracts as motors. Furthermore, except isolated communications, no evidence of neuronal damage in the brain or brain stem has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, the dogs affected by DM are potential animal models for ALS, which can be used to probe the underlying processes of motor neuron degeneration, to map the modifier loci and identify the environmental factors which influence the severity of the disease.

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Spain
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Keywords

Mielopatía degenerativa, Degenerative myelopathy, Pastor alemán, German Shepherd, 636 - Veterinaria. Explotación y cría de animales. Cría del ganado y de animales domésticos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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