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Associação da competência motora com a atividade física, estudo longitudinal em crianças

Authors: Sousa, José Florêncio;

Associação da competência motora com a atividade física, estudo longitudinal em crianças

Abstract

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar longitudinalmente a influência da competência motora nos níveis de atividade física (AF) das crianças, isto é, a proficiência em habilidades motoras e os níveis de coordenação motora foram estudados como preditores dos níveis de AF das crianças num espaço temporal de 4 anos. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal que decorreu entre o ano de 2009 e 2012, com uma amostra de 98 crianças do concelho de Bragança. No início do estudo a amostra era constituída por 24 crianças com seis anos de idade, 40 com sete anos e 34 com oito anos, que foram seguidas ao longo 4 anos consecutivos, realizando-se avaliações anuais das variáveis antropométricas, da AF, da coordenação motora e das habilidades motoras fundamentais. Foi utilizado o pedómetro como instrumento objetivo para avaliar a AF, a bateria Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) para avaliar a coordenação motora e a bateria Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2) para avaliar as habilidades motoras fundamentais, constituídas por habilidades de controlo de objetos e habilidades de locomoção. Para a análise dos dados recorreu-se à modelação hierárquica ou multinível, com o intuito de determinar os preditores da AF, através do sucessivo ajustamento de cinco modelos. Resultados: O nível de AF das crianças diminuiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. No início do estudo as raparigas tinham um nível de AF significativamente inferior ao dos rapazes. A magnitude das diferenças no nível de AF entre rapazes e raparigas não se alterou significativamente ao longo das observações. Os níveis de coordenação motora e a proficiência das habilidades de controlo de objetos não foram preditores da AF, enquanto que a proficiência das habilidades de locomoção foi o único preditor significativo da AF. Verificou-se uma grande percentagem de crianças que não cumpriram as recomendações mínimas do número de passos diários, e esta situação tende a agravar-se com o aumento da idade das crianças, em especial nas raparigas. Conclusões: As habilidades motoras de locomoção foram um preditor significativo dos níveis de AF das crianças ao longo de 4 anos. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of motor proficiency on children’s physical activity levels (PA) in long-term. Motor skills proficiency and coordination levels were studied as predictors of children's PA levels in a temporal space of 4 years. Methods: This longitudinal study took place between 2009 and 2012, with a sample of 98 children in the municipality of Bragança. At the beginning of the study the sample was composed of 24 children with six years old, 40 children with seven years and 34 children with eight years, who were followed over 4 consecutive years, performing annual assessments of anthropometric variables, PA, motor coordination and fundamental motor skills. Pedometer was used as an objective instrument for assessing PA, test of Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) to assess motor coordination and test of Gross Motor Development, second edition (TGMD-2) to assess the fundamental movement skills, composed by objects control skills and locomotor skills. For data analysis we used the hierarchical or multilevel modeling, in order to determine the predictors of PA through five successive adjustment models. Results: The children’s PA levels significantly decreased over time. At baseline the girls had a PA level significantly lower than the boys. The magnitude of the differences in PA levels between boys and girls has not changed significantly over the observations. The motor coordination levels and proficiency in object control skill were not predictors of PA, whereas the proficiency in locomotor skills was the only significant predictor of PA. There were a large percentage of children who did not comply with the minimum recommendations in the number of daily steps and this situation tends to worsen with increasing age of the children, especially in girls. Conclusions: The locomotor motor skills were a significant predictor of children’s PA levels along 4 years.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Infância, Coordenação motora, Obesidade, Habilidades motoras, Pedómetro

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green