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Dispersões aquosas de poliuretano e poliuretano- ureia. Concepção do produto e metodologias de caracterização

Authors: Fernandes, Isabel P.;

Dispersões aquosas de poliuretano e poliuretano- ureia. Concepção do produto e metodologias de caracterização

Abstract

Nas últimas décadas, as dispersões aquosas de poliuretano-ureia (PUD) desenvolveram uma sólida reputação no campo das aplicações de elevada performance, em particular na área dos adesivos e revestimentos. As PUD são produtos compatíveis com o ambiente; são isentas ou possuem apenas pequenas quantidades de solventes orgânicos voláteis (COVs). Esta é uma característica fundamental tendo em vista as políticas ambientais actualmente impostas pelos governos e agências de regulamentação, que colocam cada vez mais ênfase no desenvolvimento de processos sustentáveis, na melhoria das condições de trabalho e na redução da emissão de substâncias tóxicas e poluentes para a atmosfera. Adicionalmente, os poliuretanos são conhecidos como produtos feitos por medida com propriedades resultantes da combinação da elevada variedade de matériasprimas disponíveis. A concepção do produto (Chemical Product Design (CPD) ) é apenas uma parte da Engenharia Química do produto (Chemical Product Engineering (CPE) ). Resulta da identificação dos desejos dos consumidores, procurando seleccionar e gerar ideias que resultem em produtos que satisfaçam especificações e performances de acordo com prérequisitos. Neste trabalho são revistos os conceitos gerais associados ao desenvolvimento de PUD (matérias-primas e processos), descritos os desenvolvimentos recentes no tema e a concepção de uma metodologia para suporte ao desenvolvimento das PUD. As metodologias de caracterização, usadas como ferramenta de monitorização do desenvolvimento de PUD, foram validadas recorrendo à caracterização de produtos industriais. É apresentado ainda um resumo dos principais produtores de PUD e respectivas aplicações. Over the past few decades, polyurethane-urea aqueous dispersions (PUD) have developed a solid reputation for high performance applications, particularly in the field of adhesives and coatings. PUD are mostly environmentally compatible products; they are totally devoid or contain only low amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC). This is an important feature in view of the present environmental policies where governments and internal agencies are placing emphasis on developing sustainable processes, improving work conditions and reducing emissions of toxic and polluting substances into the atmosphere. Moreover, polyurethanes are known as tailor-made products with properties resulting from a wide diversity of raw-materials which can be combined in different ways during the synthesis. Chemical Product Design (CPD) is a part of Chemical Product Engineering (CPE) and evolves from identification of customer needs, generation and selection of ideas up to product manufacture satisfying target specifications and performance. With this work we intend to review the concepts associated with PUD development (raw-materials and process), describe the most recent developments and design a methodology to support PUD development. Characterization methodologies, used as monitoring tools to support PUD development, were validated based on the characterization of industrial products. The work presents also a survey of PUD producers and applications.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Polyurethane-Urea Aqueous Dispersions, Characterization, Caracterização, Dispersões Aquosas de Poliuo-Ureiaretan, Development, Desenvolvimento

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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