This paper present a study on the behaviour of tabique walls, concerning its fire resistance. This work is based on the experimental analysis of real scale tabique panels. Such walls were made in pine wood with an earth-based mortar finishing. In order to assess the earth-based mortar thickness effect on the fire resistance of the wall, three specimens were tested with three different mortar thicknesses of 15 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm. The earth-based mortar was previously analysed in the laboratory. The wooden structures were constructed based on traditional tabique technique. The experimental models were tested in a fire-resistance furnace, according to the ISO 834 standard fire. Temperatures were recorded using two data acquisition systems (spot measuring and field measuring). Fire resistance of test elements is expressed as the time during which the appropriate criteria have been satisfied so that one can predict the time before collapse, increasing both people and property safety. The obtained results are of great importance as they allow to improve the knowledge on tabique walls behaviour subjected to fire conditions. Two performance criteria were verified: the integrity criteria and the insulation criteria.