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Estimativa do hidrograma de projeto com base na incerteza dos parâmetros do modelo

Authors: Santos, Roberval de Jesus Leone dos; Tucci, Carlos Eduardo Morelli; Silveira, André Luiz Lopes da; Meneses Filho, Anisio de Souza;

Estimativa do hidrograma de projeto com base na incerteza dos parâmetros do modelo

Abstract

A vazão máxima de projeto pode ser estimada com base em séries de vazões históricas ou a partir de séries de precipitação e sua transformação em vazão por modelos hidrológicos do tipo precipitação-vazão. A disponibilidade de séries de vazões observadas longas e estacionárias é pequena para bacias urbanas. Como os dados de chuva são mais abundantes e possuem séries mais longas, o último método é o mais usado na prática. Isso gera, entretanto, incertezas na resposta devido : (a) à dificuldade de avaliação da distribuição temporal e espacial da precipitação ; (b) à variabilidade dos parâmetros do modelo, de acordo com a bacia e as condições iniciais; (c) e às imperfeições na estrutura do modelo hidrológico. Desta forma, o risco da precipitação não é igual ao risco da vazão gerada pelo modelo. Neste estudo, são analisadas as incertezas da distribuição temporal da precipitação e dos parâmetros do modelo IPH II na estimativa do hidrograma de projeto. O projetista, ao utilizar o valor da vazão máxima ou do volume, na concepção ou dimensionamento, terá como base não um valor pontual incerto, mas um intervalo de confiança, com seu valor esperado, que é uma estimativa das incertezas presentes. A metodologia foi aplicada para uma bacia urbana de 40 km2 em Porto Alegre para dois cenários de desenvolvimento urbano onde existiam dados observados: 1978-1982 e 1995-1997. Os resultados mostraram que o intervalo de confiança é significativo, como conseqüência de todas as incertezas identificadas, mas estima de forma razoável a vazão de projeto se comparado com os dados observados de séries parciais de vazão máxima.

The maximum design streamflow can be estimated based on a series of historical streamflows or a precipitation series and its transformation into flow by hydrological models of the rainfall-runoff type. There are few long, stationary flow series available for urban basins. Since the rainfall data are more plentiful, and present longer series, the latter method is more widely used in practice. This, however, generates uncertainties in the response due to: (a) difficulty in evaluating temporal an spatial distribution of rainfall: (b) variability of model parameters according to the basin and initial conditions; (c) and imperfections in the structure of the hydrological model. Thus the risk of precipitation is not the same as the risk of flow generated by the model. In this study, the uncertainties of temporal distribution of precipitation and parameters of the IPH II model are analyzed in estimating the design hydrograph. When using the value of maximum streamflow or volume in defining or sizing, the designer will base his work not on an uncertain point value, but on a confidence interval, with the expected value, which is an estimate of the uncertainties found. The method was applied to a 40 km2 urban basin in Porto Alegre for two scenarios of urban development for which there were observed data: 1978- 1982 and 1995-1997. The results showed that the confidence interval is significant, as a result of all the uncertainties identified, but provides a reasonable estimate of the design flow as compared with the data observed for partial series of maximum flow.

Keywords

Uncertainty, Urban, Design hydrograph, Hidrograma de projeto

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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