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Efeito do sedimento em suspensão no perfil de velocidade para escoamento de lâmina de pouca espessura

Authors: Zegarra Tarqui, Jorge Luis; Borges, Ana Luiza de Oliveira;

Efeito do sedimento em suspensão no perfil de velocidade para escoamento de lâmina de pouca espessura

Abstract

Nas bacias hidrográficas a erosão e o transporte de sedimento em suspensão devem-se em parte ao escoamento superficial de lâmina de pouca espessura denominada de erosão hídrica laminar. Neste escoamento o sedimento em suspensão afeta o perfil de velocidade modificando a tensão cisalhante do fluxo, fator importante na estimativa da taxa de transporte de sedimentos. Para avaliar o efeito do sedimento em suspensão no perfil de velocidade foram realizadas experiências com três tipos de sedimentos provenientes dos solos: Chernossolo (Ch), Nitossolo Vermelho (Nv) e Vertissolo (V). Também, foi construído um canal de declividade variável com um sistema de medição de velocidade composto por uma sonda de Pitot e um piezômetro inclinado. O sistema permitiu determinar o coeficiente de Von Kármán (k), valor que caracteriza e avalia o perfil de velocidade de forma direta, tanto em água limpa como no escoamento com sedimento em suspensão. Ao avaliar o perfil de velocidades para escoamentos com sedimento arenoso-siltoso (Ch) em suspensão, observou-se que o coeficiente k decresce com o aumento da concentração, no caso dos sedimentos argilosos (Nv e V), o coeficiente k aumenta conforme aumenta a concentração. Na análise mineralógica, o sedimento argiloso esmectítico (V) apresenta valores de k com maior susceptibilidade ao aumento da concentração em comparação aos valores de k para sedimento argiloso caulinítico (Nv).

In hydrographic basins the erosion and the transport of suspended sediment are partly due to the sur face runoff of shallow flows called sheet erosion. In this flow, the suspended sediment affects the velocity profile and modifies the flow shear stress, an important factor to estimate the rate of sediment transport. To evaluate the effect of suspended sediment on the velocity profile, experiments were performed with three types of sediment from the soils: ?Chernossolo? (Ch), ?Nitossolo vermelho? (Nv) and ?Vertissolo? (V). A variable slope channel was also built with a velocity measurement system, composed of a Pitot probe and an inclined piezometer. The system allowed determining the Von Kármán coefficient (K), a value that characterizes and evaluates the velocity profile directly, both in clean water and in flow with suspended sediment. When evaluating the velocity profile in flows with sandy-silty suspended sediment (Ch), it was observed that the k coefficient decreases as the concentration increases. In the case of clay sediments (Nv and V), the k coefficient increases as the concentration increases. In mineralogical analysis, the smectite clay sediment (V) shows values of k with greater susceptibility to increased concentration compared to the values of k for kaolinitic clay sediment (Nv).

Keywords

Velocity profile, Transporte de sedimentos, Erosao hidrica, Escoamento laminar, Sediment transport, von Kármán coefficient, Velocidade

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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