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Impacto da adoção do “dólar justo” em diferentes cenários de volatilidade cambial : análise dos indicadores econômico-financeiros de empresas brasileiras que negociam ADR’S

Authors: Matts, Júlia Sari; Victor, Fernanda Gomes; Machado, Vanessa Noguez;

Impacto da adoção do “dólar justo” em diferentes cenários de volatilidade cambial : análise dos indicadores econômico-financeiros de empresas brasileiras que negociam ADR’S

Abstract

O debate sobre inconsistências do atual padrão de conversão de demonstrações contábeis encontra-se cada vez mais acalorado, especialmente no que tange ao nível de representação fidedigna que tal prática proporciona às peças contábeis. Este artigo foca na proposta alternativa idealizada por Szuster e Szuster (2003), objetivando analisar, em diferentes cenários de volatilidade cambial do dólar americano, o impacto da aplicação do “dólar justo” nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de empresas brasileiras que negociam American Depositary Receipts. Assim, no que diz respeito aos procedimentos metodológicos, essa pesquisa é classificada como quantitativa, descritiva e documental. Baseando-se principalmente nos Formulários 20-F divulgados, elaboraram-se, para cada uma das 18 empresas da amostra de pesquisa, indicadores de desempenho sob a ótica do “dólar real” – aquele divulgado em tais relatórios – e do “dólar justo”, este calculado segundo os parâmetros expostos pelos autores da proposta. Os resultados obtidos, quanto aos indicadores econômicofinanceiros, sugerem inferências que vão desde uma evidenciação superavaliada do volume de vendas e geração de lucro por capital investido até a subvalorização do Ativo Fixo empresarial, mascarando um possível Capital Circulante Próprio negativo existente. Ressalta-se, desse modo, que a discrepância ocorrida entre as modalidades da moeda estrangeira – as quais desnivelaram-se em até 126% – é refletida nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de maneira relevante, acentuandose no ano de 2015. Portanto, a teoria do “dólar justo” demonstrou-se fundamentada, visto serem geradas informações potencialmente distorcidas quando da conversão das demonstrações contábeis com base no “dólar real”, comprometendo a utilidade da informação reportada para fins de tomada de decisão dos stakeholders.

The debate about inconsistencies in the current standard of translation of accounting statements has intensified, especially concerning the level of reliable representation that such practice offers to the accounting pieces. The present study focuses on the alternative proposal conceived by Szuster and Szuster (2003), aiming at analyzing, in different scenarios of exchange volatility of the American dollar, the impact of the “fair dollar” application on the economic and financial indicators of Brazilian companies that deal in American Depositary Receipts. Thus, regarding the methodological procedures, this research is classified as quantitative, descriptive, and documental. Performance indicators were elaborated for each of the 18 companies sampled under the perspective of the ‘real dollar’ (divulged in such reports) and the ‘fair dollar’ (calculated according to the parameters exposed by the authors of the proposal), based mainly on the divulged Forms 20-F. The results obtained concerning the economic and financial indicators suggest conclusions that range from an overvalued disclosure of the business volume and profit generation per invested capital to undervalued fixed assets, masking a possible negative Net Working Capital. Thus, the discrepancy between the foreign currency modalities, which faced unevenness of up to 12%, is significantly reflected on the economic and financial indicators, accentuated in 2015. Therefore, the theory of the ‘fair dollar’ proved itself well-founded since potentially distorted information is generated when accounting statements based on the ‘real dollar’ are translated, which compromises the usefulness of the reported information when stakeholders make decisions.

Keywords

Moeda : Dolar, Brasil, Financial Statements Conversion; “Fair Dollar”; Economic and Financial Measures, Indicadores econômicos, Financial statements conversion, Conversão de Demonstrações Contábeis; “Dólar Justo”; Indicadores Econômico-Financeiros, Capital, Fair dollar, Rentabilidade, Política cambial, Liquidez, Contabilidade; Contabilidade Societária, Economic and financial measures

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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